雅思大作文審題方法-三步法
在雅思寫作考試中，拿到高分的前提就是我們回答的內(nèi)容一定是符合題意的。這就要求我們?cè)诳荚囍幸欢ㄒ獙弻?duì)題。那么如何審題呢?接下來小編為大家介紹一下雅思大作文審題方法-三步法，希望能幫助大家準(zhǔn)確審題，不偏題。
雅思大作文審題方法-三步法
第一步是通讀。
通?？忌牧?xí)慣是，拿到作文先看一下小作文考什么圖，再看一下大作文考什么題，然后開始動(dòng)手寫小作文。其實(shí)就這么看一下，你知道了今天考的是什么類別，什么主題，就已經(jīng)把通讀的工作做好了。在一邊寫小作文的時(shí)候，你的大腦無意中其實(shí)已經(jīng)開始醞釀大作文了。
相關(guān)閱讀：Essay寫作中靜態(tài)表述的運(yùn)用方法
第二步是細(xì)讀。
當(dāng)小作文完成，考生正式開始進(jìn)入大作文的時(shí)候，你需要再仔仔細(xì)細(xì)把題目讀一次，并且要去找一下題目中的關(guān)鍵詞，有沒有限定詞/句，有沒有絕對(duì) 詞。所謂限定詞，就是把題目的主題限定在一定范圍內(nèi)的詞。比如：The incidence of violence/crimes for young people is increasing. Give possible reasons and recommendations of punishment and measures to the situation., 這個(gè)題目中youth就是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，全文必須圍繞青少年來分析其犯罪原因和懲罰方案，有的學(xué)生寫到了失業(yè)率高，找不到工作，沒有錢負(fù)擔(dān)生活，所以去犯 罪。
這個(gè)理由用于成年人的犯罪是很好，但大多數(shù)的青少年還在學(xué)習(xí)階段，還沒工作，自然談不上失業(yè)的壓力。所以寫這個(gè)話題，如果我們從家庭和學(xué)校的環(huán) 境，以及媒體的影響這幾個(gè)方面去著手會(huì)更切題。所謂絕對(duì)詞，就是all, best, only, the most等詞匯，題目中出現(xiàn)這樣詞匯，考生是很容易提出反駁的。比如Some people think economic development is the only way to measure the success of a government. To what extend do you agree or disagree. 經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展確實(shí)是衡量一個(gè)政府是否成功的重要標(biāo)志，我們可以寫一到兩個(gè)段落來說明經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要性，然后再寫一個(gè)讓步段，來反駁ONLY這個(gè)詞，可以提出教育 的普及，社會(huì)福利等方面也不可忽視，這樣文章就更全面。
第三步——列提綱。
這是所有寫作老師都反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)，而學(xué)生卻總不愿意去做的一件事。不愿意列提綱的理由是大家總覺得40分鐘時(shí)間寶貴，恨不得從第一秒就開始拼命寫。但是，沒有整理好思路，一邊想一邊寫的結(jié)果是更加浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，而且段落的發(fā)展越到后面越混亂。
在列提綱之初，肯定是先要brainstorming，問題是很多考生brainstorming完了就以為自己審?fù)炅祟}目。其實(shí) brainstorming出來的很多點(diǎn)是有重復(fù)或者有因果關(guān)系的，如果以這些重復(fù)或有因果關(guān)系的點(diǎn)作為段落的主題句，那么寫到后面一定會(huì)有問題。所以， 我們應(yīng)該花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間整理一下邏輯。
比如討論出國(guó)留學(xué)的好處和壞處，大多數(shù)學(xué)生很能想到下列的幾個(gè)點(diǎn)1.得到更好的教育;2.得到更好的工作;3.開闊眼界4.文化交流 5.學(xué)習(xí)語言。其實(shí)這5個(gè)點(diǎn)，整理一下的話，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)1和5是并列的，2是其結(jié)果。3和4也同樣是因果關(guān)系。這樣5個(gè)點(diǎn)變成2個(gè)點(diǎn)，每個(gè)點(diǎn)的論證也有了著 落，寫起來就會(huì)很順。而有些學(xué)生想到了1和2就覺得自己有來兩個(gè)段落了，立刻開始動(dòng)筆，寫完主體第一段，再開始第二段的時(shí)候，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)得到更好的工作 是更好教育的一個(gè)結(jié)果，如果要把這個(gè)段落寫清楚就得把第一段再重復(fù)一遍。
克服雅思寫作軟肋的方法介紹
我們可以從雅思寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(大作文)入手，給同學(xué)們提出備考雅思寫作的四方面建議：
1. Task Response(任務(wù)的完成情況)：在這個(gè)方面最重要的是字?jǐn)?shù)和審題。所以練習(xí)速度至關(guān)重要，考前一定要有限時(shí)寫作的體驗(yàn)。審題方面，一定要看清題目的問題(包括到底有幾個(gè)問題，問題是辯論式的還是論說式的，辯論焦點(diǎn)是什么)，可以把歷年考題拿出來做專門的審題訓(xùn)練。
2. Coherence and Cohesion(文章的連貫性)：段落劃分和連接詞訓(xùn)練。在段落方面，一定要用符合英美寫作習(xí)慣的topic sentence + supporting sentences， reason + example的方式來寫作，連接詞方面，特別是轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、舉例有關(guān)的連接詞，要做專項(xiàng)的練習(xí)。
3. Lexical Resource(詞匯的多樣性)和 4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy(語法句式的準(zhǔn)確性和多樣性)這兩點(diǎn)都與考生的英語基本功有關(guān)，短期內(nèi)很難有實(shí)質(zhì)性突破。很多考生采取背單詞和看語法書的方法，但因?yàn)榉浅？菰镆矆?jiān)持不了多久且沒有什么成效。這里給大家的建議是第一，通過作文習(xí)作并讓有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師批改，找出屬于自己的在語法和詞匯方面的問題，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)問題解決一個(gè)問題，并在老師的指導(dǎo)下配合相關(guān)的有針對(duì)性的語法和詞匯學(xué)習(xí)。第二，一定要擯棄用“大詞”、“難句”的強(qiáng)迫心態(tài)。記住：Although you should aim for varied sentences and vocabulary, clear, simple structures are better than more complex but inaccurate sentences. Do not think that phrases you have learned can freely apply to any situation.
雅思寫作改錯(cuò)練習(xí)(附答案)
1Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempts to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
2 But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developing skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job or not.
3 For a group of remaining in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produces something consumers consider useful or desirable.
4 For a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that Nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiments，she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.
5 At the same time, young people should be encourage to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills, which may help them greatly to reduce dependence in their parents.
6 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what their advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
7 Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficiently services to consumers through the use of computers.
8 The American economic system is, organizing around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in that consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
9 Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, which together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
10 The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
參考答案
1Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempts to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
錯(cuò)誤: and并列連接兩個(gè)謂語，應(yīng)該是平行結(jié)構(gòu)。所以attempts應(yīng)該改為attempted.
2 But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developing skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job or not.
錯(cuò)誤: 培養(yǎng)良好的技能不是well-developing而是well-developed.
3 For a group of remaining in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produces something consumers consider useful or desirable.
錯(cuò)誤: For a group of remaining in existence應(yīng)該是For a group to remain in existence.只有后者才可以做一個(gè)目的狀語。produces應(yīng)該是produce，因?yàn)樵诓迦胝Zin the long run的前邊有must.
4 For a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation， we have come to believe that Nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiments，she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.
錯(cuò)誤: For a result of應(yīng)該是As a result of.介詞搭配不當(dāng).
5 At the same time, young people should be encourage to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills, which may help them greatly to reduce dependence in their parents.
錯(cuò)誤: should be encourage應(yīng)該是should be encouraged,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài). dependence in應(yīng)該是dependence on, 介詞搭配不當(dāng).
6 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what their advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
錯(cuò)誤: their advocates應(yīng)該是its advocates. Its在這里指代的是a new movement in art.所以不能是their.
7 Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficiently services to consumers through the use of computers.
錯(cuò)誤: efficiently services應(yīng)該是efficient services. 這也是許多學(xué)生經(jīng)常犯的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。副詞不能修飾名詞，必須得改為形容詞。
8 The American economic system is, organizing around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in that consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
錯(cuò)誤: organizing around a basically private-enterprise應(yīng)該是organized around a basically private-enterprise.這里應(yīng)該是過去分詞來做一個(gè)伴隨狀語，而不應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在分詞，因?yàn)樗侵髡Z的承受者。in that應(yīng)該是in which.因?yàn)橹挥衖n which才能引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句。in which=where, 在引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句時(shí)，后面需要加上一個(gè)完整句。而in that只能引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語從句=because.
9 Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, which together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
錯(cuò)誤: which應(yīng)該是that.與前面的it is構(gòu)成一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)原句中的主語。
10 The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
錯(cuò)誤: one information應(yīng)該是one piece of information. 因?yàn)閕nformation是不可數(shù)名詞，前面必須加量詞修飾。[CKQ]
11 While talking to you, your could-be employers is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
12 With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens lives in cities which community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.
13 After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients whom wish to die.
14 The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicate the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever his special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
15 Your humor must be relevant with the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.
16 "The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them." Such is the remark made by Bernard Shaw, a great writer. This view has been shared now by more and more people.
17 The current passion to making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produce a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows
18 Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improving techniques and tools.
19 The "shareholders" as such have no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employing by the company in which he hold shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor are not good.
20 During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin assert that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
參考答案
11 While talking to you, your could-be employers is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
錯(cuò)誤: While talking to you在這里沒錯(cuò)。當(dāng)主句的主語和狀語從句的指代的是同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，狀語從句的主語可以省略，這就是狀語從句省略結(jié)構(gòu)。your could-be employers is應(yīng)該是your could-be employers are.否則主謂不一致。pay him應(yīng)該是pay him or her.
12 With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens lives in cities which community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.
錯(cuò)誤: 119 million citizens lives應(yīng)該是119 million citizens live. 否則主謂不一致。which應(yīng)該是where或in which. which引導(dǎo)的定語從句應(yīng)該是一個(gè)不完整的句子，where或in which的后面才能加上一個(gè)完整句
13 After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients whom wish to die.
錯(cuò)誤: whom wish to die應(yīng)該是who wish to die. whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句應(yīng)該是一個(gè)不完整的句子，whom在定語從句中只能做賓語。而在who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，who既可以做主語，也可以做賓語。
14 The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicate the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever his special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
錯(cuò)誤: Indicate應(yīng)該是indicates.因?yàn)樵摼涞闹髡Z是The great interest。否則主謂不一致。whatever his special conditions應(yīng)該是whatever their special conditions. Their在這里指代all citizens。
15 Your humor must be relevant with the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.
錯(cuò)誤: must be relevant with應(yīng)該是must be relevant to. 介詞搭配不當(dāng).
16 "The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them." Such is the remark made by Bernard Shaw, a great writer. This view has been shared now by more and more people.
錯(cuò)誤: This view has been shared now應(yīng)該是This view is shared now或者This view is now being shared.已經(jīng)有了明確的時(shí)間狀語now，所以這里只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
17 The current passion to making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produce a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows
錯(cuò)誤: The current passion to應(yīng)該是The current passion for. 介詞搭配不當(dāng). produce應(yīng)該是produces，因?yàn)樵摼湓挼闹髡Z是The current passion。否則主謂不一致。
18 Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improving techniques and tools.
錯(cuò)誤: improving techniques and tools應(yīng)該是improved techniques and tools.用過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語時(shí)，要注意它們與被修飾名詞的關(guān)系。這里講得是被改進(jìn)過的技術(shù)和工具，所以應(yīng)該是improved techniques and tools而不是improving techniques and tools。
19 The "shareholders" as such have no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employing by the company in which he hold shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor are not good.
錯(cuò)誤: employing by the company應(yīng)該是employed by the company.過去分詞做后置定語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略了的定語從句。所以這里的employed by the company相當(dāng)于who are employed by the company. he hold shares應(yīng)該是they hold shares.因?yàn)檫@里的they指代的是The "shareholders"。his influence on the relations應(yīng)該是their influences on the relations. Their在這里也是指代The "shareholders"。
20 During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin assert that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
錯(cuò)誤: and并列連接兩個(gè)謂語，應(yīng)該是平行結(jié)構(gòu)。 assert應(yīng)該是asserted.
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