雅思作文Task1答題注意事項(xiàng)
在雅思寫作考試中，一共包括兩部分，小作文對(duì)于考生來說更有規(guī)律可循，但是也是有很多細(xì)節(jié)需要考生注意的。今天小編為大家分享的是雅思作文Task1答題注意事項(xiàng)，希望大家在備考中提前注意到這些細(xì)節(jié)，養(yǎng)成一個(gè)良好的答題習(xí)慣。
雅思作文Task1答題注意事項(xiàng)
1. 時(shí)態(tài)
我們的雅思小作文中，很多的圖形的橫坐標(biāo)有著比較明顯的時(shí)間軸，這也意味著我們需要有不同的時(shí)態(tài)從而凸顯出你的時(shí)間軸，那么小作文一般都會(huì)有什么樣的時(shí)態(tài)呢?
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
請(qǐng)大家銘記，我們的開頭段永遠(yuǎn)都是這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)殚_頭段的作用就是告訴雅思考官，我們下面所描寫的是一個(gè)什么樣的圖形，不存在任何其他的時(shí)態(tài)出現(xiàn)。
The line graph describes the percentage of radio listeners and television viewers in the UK throughout the day from October to December in 1992.
(2)一般過去時(shí)
如果出現(xiàn)的年份或者具體時(shí)間是過去的話，那一般過去時(shí)是我們會(huì)經(jīng)常會(huì)用到一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，表示數(shù)值的上升或者下降以及程度。
The data indicated that radio listeners increased substantially before 8 am, when the percentage reached to a peak of 27%. Then, it declined steadily in the following 20 hours, bottoming out at 2% at 4 am of the next day. The period from 4 am to 6 am saw another slight rise to 4% in radio listeners.
(3)一般將來時(shí)或者現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
題目中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)未來的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，那么如果單純描述那個(gè)時(shí)間段的時(shí)候，需要用到一般將來時(shí)，但是如果是要表現(xiàn)從過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)到未來時(shí)間點(diǎn)具有連續(xù)性的時(shí)候，那么可以使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過去的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在，并且持續(xù)到將來。
As for the Japan`s population of aged persons, it experienced an apparently downward trend during the 1st decade since 1940,reaching the bottom value(around 10%) with a 5% decrease. After then, the percentage has been increasing within the following 90 years, reaching the top value, 80%.
2. 客觀性
其實(shí)我們的小作文就是需要各位考生能夠客觀的反應(yīng)雅思寫作題目上圖標(biāo)上的信息，并不需要同學(xué)們太過于“激情”，也就是題目中并沒有要求大家有自己的動(dòng)作
u 不應(yīng)有任何自己的主觀想象成分
u 比如自己判斷造成這個(gè)圖標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)的原因
u 或者計(jì)算圖表中的總數(shù)等
當(dāng)然如果有以上的內(nèi)容是不扣分的，但是對(duì)于我們來說其實(shí)是浪費(fèi)了寶貴的時(shí)間在并沒有意義的部分。
3. 準(zhǔn)確性
除去地圖題和流程圖題，我們都會(huì)遇到一大堆的數(shù)據(jù)，而且是以不同的形式出現(xiàn)，除了table題外，我們很多的數(shù)字是直接出現(xiàn)在圖表當(dāng)中的，并且并沒有很準(zhǔn)確的落在數(shù)值線上，那么也就意味著，并沒有達(dá)到一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)值，所以我們?cè)诒磉_(dá)的時(shí)候，就不能直接引用這樣的數(shù)據(jù)，前面需要加上一些副詞，比如around，about，approximate等等。
4. 詳盡性
這一點(diǎn)意味著我們需要將雅思圖表內(nèi)容盡量的表達(dá)出來，尤其是table和bar chart題目，需要大家用不同的表達(dá)方式，比如定語從句、非謂語動(dòng)詞、同位語等方式將每一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)出來，否則表格內(nèi)的內(nèi)容將會(huì)有所缺失，圖表內(nèi)容也并不完整。
雅思寫作高分指南：開頭多樣化句式
雅思寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)變?yōu)椋篢R，CC，GRA和LR后，評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)細(xì)化，具體化，從而對(duì)英語語言基本功的考查力度加大。 筆者現(xiàn)將在課堂上講的多樣化句式的一部分內(nèi)容拿出來跟讀者共享。
句子開頭的變化的手段：
A Begin sentence with an appositive
The forest ranger, an expert in forest fire control, talked to the campers about safety in the woods.
An expert in forest fire control, the forest ranger talked to the campers about safety in the woods.
the country’s biggest cellular operator, China Mobile is looking at tighter controls on Internet-related service providers, industry insiders say.
B Begin a sentence with an adverb
The fog was slowly settling down.
Slowly the fog was settling down.
Obviously enough, he himself can not handle the trouble by himself.
C Begin a sentence with an adjective or adjective phrase
Mr Boyd was very angry and began to defend his reputation with strong arguments.
Angry, Mr Boyd began to defend his reputation with strong argument.
Tired and frustrated, the teacher went home to have a rest.
D Begin sentences with participle phrases
I jogged very day and increased my energy level.
Jogging every day, I soon increased my energy level.
Tim was troubled by a dream and he woke up with a start.
Troubled by a dream, Tim woke up with a start.
Witnessed by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and leaders of the 10-mem ber ASEAN, Chinese Minister of Commerce Bo Xilai signed the agreement with 10 economic ministers of the ASEAN countries.
E Begin sentences with an infinitive phrase
You must attend every class to succeed in a course.
To succeed in a course, you must attend every class.
F Begin sentences with a prepositional phrase
Madame Curie was an industrious worker in the scientific laboratory.
In the scientific laboratory, Madame Curie was an industrious worker.
Under a new scheme, established SPs can become pure content providers and China Mobile may seek a bigger portion of the shared revenues.
In the short term, operators will not abandon SPs.
For China Mobile, a dramatic change in its partnership scheme may be harmful.
G Begin sentences with clause modifiers
He did not want to rewrite the paper because he was tired and hungry and discouraged.
Because he was tired and hungry and discouraged, he did not want to rewrite the paper.
You may regret in leisure what you impulsively do in haste.
What you impulsively do in haste you may regret in leisure.
近讀Economist，打算出一本關(guān)于Economist 英文特點(diǎn)，詞匯，句式乃至段落的教材。
想法一出，立即展開批判性的閱讀。
現(xiàn)將今日閱讀收獲與讀者分享，請(qǐng)青島北京雅思的同學(xué)認(rèn)真閱讀，請(qǐng)other readers多提寶貴意見：
插入成分
And this, whether it is motivated by obstinacy, denial or a sober calculation of the strategic stakes in Iraq, is a good thing.
The new American commander in Iraq, General David Petraeus, must report to Congress in mid-September on how his campaign is going.
Advocates of quitting say that after losing more than 3,000 soldiers and spending more than $300 billion America has already failed and should therefore depart.
So why, instead of waiting two months for the general's report, have politicians in Washington allowed the debate to take on such a frantic new character?
前置成分：
WHEN a war such as the one in Iraq turns bad, there is not always a particular moment that defines the point of defeat.
If anything, it has so far been a modest success.
As John McCain told the Senate this week after a visit to Iraq, the new
strategy has been an improvement on the one it replaced.
By venturing out of their bases to offer direct protection to Iraq's population, American soldiers have been able to reduce the sectarian killings in the capital.
In Diyala province American troops have moved on the city of Baquba.
In a trial widely condemned abroad as unfair, the six have been convicted of deliberately infecting hundreds of Libyan children with HIV.
后置成分
Continuing to support this war has now become a near-suicidal strategy for any ambitious politician, as the principled Senator McCain has discovered to his cost.
An earthquake rocked Kashiwazaki in Japan, killing ten people.
A nuclear plant was damaged and leaked water containing radioactive compounds, raising safety concerns about Japanese facilities.
He also took steps to boost the Palestinian president, Mahmoud Abbas, and his secular Fatah group in the West Bank, in the hope of weakening its Islamist rivals in Hamas, which took over the Gaza Strip last month.
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人雜志典型段落分析：
What Iran is doing at Natanz is entirely illegal. It has signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and says its nuclear aims are peaceful. But having spent decades deceiving nuclear inspectors, it is disbelieved even by its friends. A year ago this month Russia and China therefore joined the rest of the UN Security Council in ordering Iran to stop. It carried on regardless. The Security Council followed up with two resolutions, in December 2006 and March this year, repeating its demands and applying sanctions. The centrifuges spin defiantly on.
雅思寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)講解
雅思考試全程考試時(shí)間為2小時(shí)55分鐘。其中，寫作在聽力、閱讀部分之后出現(xiàn)，是筆試的最后一項(xiàng)。雅思寫作考試要求在60分鐘內(nèi)完成兩篇作文(Task 1 and Task 2)。寫作中，以移民為主的培訓(xùn)類(General Training)和以留學(xué)為主的學(xué)術(shù)類(Academic)試題類型有所不同。
Task 1要求考生在20分鐘內(nèi)完成150字以上的文章。G類(培訓(xùn)類)要求考生針對(duì)題目要求寫一封信來詢問某方面信息或闡釋某種狀況。到目前為止，出現(xiàn)較多的書信種類有投訴信、請(qǐng)求信、建議信、尋找失物信、邀請(qǐng)信等。而A類(學(xué)術(shù)類)則考核圖表為主?？嫉幂^多的有曲線圖、柱狀圖、餅狀圖、表格等。也有可能考到兩種不同種類的圖。另外，流程圖和示意圖也偶爾考到。
Task 2 要求考生在40分鐘內(nèi)寫作一篇不少于250字的議論文。A類和G類在Task 2方面非常相似?？忌赡苄枰獙?duì)某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表支持或反駁意見，或者討論針鋒相對(duì)的一組觀點(diǎn)，或者解釋某種問題出現(xiàn)的原因并提出相應(yīng)的解決辦。
雅思評(píng)分按9分制?；旧?，移民或讀語言學(xué)校起碼要5分(Modest User)。留學(xué)需要6分(Competent User)以上。如果讀的是法律、傳媒、管理等名校的研究生的話，寫作最好達(dá)到7分(Good User)。但考生最后寫作成績(jī)并不是Task 1和Task 2的簡(jiǎn)單平均，而是以Task 2為主。
雅思寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不象四六級(jí)或托福采用整體式的評(píng)分，而是分項(xiàng)式評(píng)分(analytical scoring)。也就是說，考官給考生并不只打一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)，而是根據(jù)具體的評(píng)分細(xì)則分項(xiàng)給分。
書信或圖表評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
Task 1(書信或圖表)按照以下三方面評(píng)分：Task Fulfilment(完成任務(wù));Coherence and Cohesion(連貫與銜接);Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(詞匯與句子結(jié)構(gòu))。
Task Fulfilment指的是考生是否能夠在正確審題的基礎(chǔ)上完成題目的指令。具體說來，書信作文應(yīng)該完成書信的使命，題目里的每一項(xiàng)要求都不可或缺。圖表作文應(yīng)該在對(duì)于圖表所給出的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上指出圖表的總體趨勢(shì)和走向，并點(diǎn)明與總趨勢(shì)不相吻合的特殊之處，而且還要有數(shù)據(jù)的支持。
Coherence and Cohesion指的是文章通過一定的銜接手段(Cohesive Devices)來表明上下文的連貫性(Coherence)。銜接手段，或叫語篇紐帶，經(jīng)常用的有(logical)邏輯、(grammatical)語法和(semantic)語義三方面的連接詞(connectors)。
Vocabulary and Sentence Structure指的是文章的語言表達(dá)。5分或5分以下的作文一般語法錯(cuò)誤較多。6分作文則一般沒有致命的語法錯(cuò)誤，用詞和句子基本準(zhǔn)確。而7分以上的作文用詞豐富(Variety)、句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜(Complexity)。
議論文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
Task 2(議論文)的三方面評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(論證，論點(diǎn)和論據(jù));Communicative Quality(交流質(zhì)量);Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(詞匯與句子結(jié)構(gòu))。
Arguments, Ideas and evidence涉及對(duì)于議論文的內(nèi)容要求。具體說來，應(yīng)該是內(nèi)容切題，論據(jù)合理，論證充分。
對(duì)于Ideas(內(nèi)容)而言，應(yīng)該注意的是不要出現(xiàn)跑題。有的考生由于詞匯量有限，導(dǎo)致題目中的單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)，從而寫作的時(shí)候?qū)戨x題了。比如：Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. Do you agree or disagree? 如果考生不懂international tourism是什么意思的話，這道題是沒法寫的。但是，雅思寫作涉及的詞匯量并不是大得令人生畏，大概有六七千左右。考生萬一碰到個(gè)把單詞不理解的話，完全可以通過上下文加以推測(cè)。比如上面這句話中tension可能是個(gè)生詞，但是如果考生能想到rather than表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的話，可以推斷tension應(yīng)該和understanding(理解)形成反義詞，那就應(yīng)該是接近于誤解，即緊張關(guān)系的意思。所以，對(duì)于單詞，考生應(yīng)該平時(shí)注意積累，考試時(shí)根據(jù)上下文推斷。
有的考生可能題目里面每個(gè)單詞都認(rèn)識(shí)依然寫跑題，那可能是因?yàn)閷?duì)于所涉及的題材不了解，沒話可說。比如：
When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is
pointless to try and keep them alive. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 如果考生毫不了解所謂的傳統(tǒng)技能和生活方式的話，肯定對(duì)此束手無策。雅思議論文涉及contemporary social issues of common interest(人們普遍感興趣的當(dāng)代社會(huì)問題)，考生應(yīng)該平時(shí)注意這方面的知識(shí)積累和主動(dòng)思考。
另外，還有的考生不但認(rèn)識(shí)題目中的每個(gè)單詞，而且也熟悉話題，但依然寫跑題，那很有可能是因?yàn)闆]有抓住寫作重點(diǎn)。事實(shí)上，絕大多數(shù)考生寫跑題都是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)因素。比如：There is an increasing number of juvenile delinquents. Analyze the possible causes of this phenomenon, and offer some recommendations. 許多考生都會(huì)注意到這道題考的是青少年犯罪話題，而且應(yīng)該分析原因并提出解決辦法。但是，如果原因只寫了一段而建議寫了數(shù)段的話，那么就是犯了忽略重點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)椋绻麤]有把原因進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析而貿(mào)然提出建議的話，這種建議是缺乏依據(jù)的。正確的做法應(yīng)該是原因?qū)懚寥危Y(jié)果寫一段。其次，考生還應(yīng)注意到這道題考的不是泛泛的青少年犯罪的原因與解決方法，而是為什么現(xiàn)在青少年犯罪人數(shù)越來越多的原因和建議。由此看來，考生應(yīng)該仔細(xì)審題，防止產(chǎn)生理解上的偏差。
對(duì)于Evidence(論據(jù))來說，關(guān)鍵要合理，并且能夠證明論點(diǎn)。比如Wild animals have no place in the 21st century and trying to protect these animals is a waste of resources. Do you agree or disagree? 有同學(xué)
這樣寫道：We can hardly imagine what our life will be like without wild animals. For example, if there is no cat, there will be more mice. The increase in the number of mice will result in the reduction of food resources and the spread of diseases. Thus, it is very important to protect animals. 這里，貓的論據(jù)是不合適的，因?yàn)樨埐粚儆趙ild animals(野生動(dòng)物)。再比如，The university should not provide so much theoretical knowledge but give students more practical training. Do you agree or disagree? 有同學(xué)在論證這道題的時(shí)候舉了趙括“紙上談兵”的例子，說趙括就是典型的有很多兵法等理論知識(shí)，但是由于缺乏帶兵打仗的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)，導(dǎo)致秦趙長(zhǎng)平之戰(zhàn)中趙兵大敗，自己也命喪沙場(chǎng)，這充分說明了只有理論知識(shí)沒有實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)的惡果，所以應(yīng)該重視實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)。但這個(gè)論據(jù)也是不得體的，因?yàn)轭}目涉及的是大學(xué)應(yīng)該怎么做，而趙括明顯沒有上過大學(xué)。事實(shí)上，古代的例子通常不適宜在雅思作文中出現(xiàn)，即便出現(xiàn)了，許多情況下只是作為反面例子與現(xiàn)今狀況形成對(duì)比。
好的Arguments(論證)應(yīng)該是充分并且有力的。這就需要運(yùn)用多種論證手法。常用的論證手法有：explanation(解釋說明)，emphasis(強(qiáng)調(diào)論證)，exemplification(舉例說明)，cause and effect(因果論證)，comparison and contrast(比較與對(duì)比)facts and statistics(事實(shí)和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù))，concession and refutation(讓步與反駁)，classification(分類)，definition(下定義)，analogy(比喻)等。論證手法的運(yùn)用還應(yīng)該和關(guān)聯(lián)詞結(jié)合起來。
Communicative Quality(交流質(zhì)量)大體上與Task 1的Coherence and Cohesion相同，也涉及文章中代詞，關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同義反義詞等的運(yùn)用。常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：對(duì)比however, although, but, nevertheless;結(jié)果as a result, as a consequence, therefore, because of this, otherwise;附加in addition, additionally, and, as well as, furthermore, also, moreover;舉例for example, for instance, such as, including;強(qiáng)調(diào)in fact, indeed;時(shí)間after, following, before, until, during, between, while等。
議論文在Vocabulary and Sentence Structure方面與Task 1的要求相同。
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