托福寫作范文：運(yùn)動(dòng)員得高薪利弊還是事實(shí)
備考托福寫作一個(gè)重要的方法就是模仿，考生們可以多從別人身上找差距，背誦一兩篇優(yōu)秀的托福寫作范文，不斷地提高自己的托福寫作水平?！∠旅嫘【幗o大家?guī)淼氖峭懈懽鞣段模哼\(yùn)動(dòng)員得高薪利弊還是事實(shí)。
托福寫作范文：運(yùn)動(dòng)員得高薪利弊還是事實(shí)
托福寫作題目：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Professional athletes, such football and basketball players, do not deserve the high salaries that they are paid.
托福寫作范文：
It's well known that the professional athletes are well paid nowadays.
In fact, they are paid much higher salaries than other most people. Some people argue that compared with what they pay, they are rewarded too much. However, as far as I'm concerned, their salaries are reasonable. If not, why can they be paid so much?
First of all, the professional sport has been completely commercialized. They are worth to be paid higher salaries by the company or clubs. These sports have attracted a lot of fans who pay the television station to watch the sports and buy products that are represented by their favorite player. The television station would divide the income with clubs. And also, the company would pay the player to help them advertising their products. So the money comes from fans to the company or club, eventually, to the player. Everybody in the chain is willing to pay the money. What's more, the players pleased the fan by their wonderful performances. So in my opinion, they are worth to pay higher salaries.
Furthermore, they experience much more difficulties that are beyond our imagination. They also work much harder than ordinary people. For example, the football player in China who playing for the Chinese Super league always spend their spring festival with their clubs and couldn't enjoy the traditional festival with their families. They spend all the year around to prepare for the next competition. Moreover, they would experience much more pressure than others. Taking Liu Xiang who is a world famous athlete for instance, He broke his leg before the Olympic game that he was expected to win the champion. The audience judges him as a loser that he lied to the audience because of his fear. In other words, he couldn't be understood by people because he was thought as a professional player who receive a higher salary and his duty is to get champions.
Finally, some people thought that some players don't deserve higher salaries, such as some football players who fight and take drug outside the court. They are totally bad guys and have terrible influences on the society. However, these cases are far and rare, most of players behave civilly. They always have positive effect on our society. They donate most of their money to the poor. For instance, David Beckham, during his career in the Pairs, donated all his salary to African children. So return to my original point that the professional players are deserve such high salaries.
In conclusion, the salary depends on what you pay and what the boss want to pay for you. If the clubs and the fan want to pay a higher salary for the player, the players deserve it no matter how high they are paid. In addition, they even pay much more efforts and spend much more time than common people, their salaries are quite reasonable. I definitely agree with that statement that the players deserve what they are paid.
詳解：托福寫作利弊問題的論證思路
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Do you think its benefits exceed its drawbacks?
Does the usefulness outweigh the limitations?
Is it positive or negative?
主要討論
effect， influence， development， situation，phenomenon，decision，……
如：Do you think it is a positive or negative development? 等等
如果遇到這樣的題目或相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞，那么該題就一定是利弊題目。
關(guān)于托福寫作利弊題目有以下幾個(gè)需要注意的方面：
一。確定觀點(diǎn)
托福題目的寫作都需要有觀點(diǎn)，但僅憑第一直覺是沒辦法完成整篇文章的。brainstorming 和outlining的重要性在這里就不多說明了，在課堂上我們已經(jīng)重復(fù)過多次原因和如果brainstorming以及outlining。
對(duì)于利弊題目需要注意的是：無論題目中是否指明"outweigh"或"exceed"，都需要討論這個(gè)事物的利弊兩方面。因?yàn)槭澜缟蠜]有完全絕對(duì)的事情，議論文必然有對(duì)立雙方，所以不可能只討論其中一邊，比如只有利或只有弊。這樣看起來貌似很強(qiáng)勢(shì)，但是其實(shí)是缺少辯證能力的表現(xiàn)。
二。利弊大戰(zhàn)
A。數(shù)量之戰(zhàn)
最直觀地判定利與弊大小就是在篇幅和內(nèi)容上。按照一般托福四段式的結(jié)構(gòu)為例，主體段每段寫兩到三"點(diǎn)"是比較合理的。"點(diǎn)"太多容易論證不充分，"點(diǎn)"太少容易語言啰嗦或字?jǐn)?shù)不夠。那么利與弊的較量首先就是"點(diǎn)"的數(shù)量。比如說，觀點(diǎn)為"利大于弊"，那么利寫三條，弊寫兩條;要么利寫兩條，弊寫一條(前提是有足夠論證內(nèi)容)。
比如：
More and more people choose to work at home and students study from home as the development of computer technology makes it more convenient and cheaper. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
(Around the world it is likely that more adult work from home, more children study from home, as computer technology cheaper and more accessible, is it a positive or negative development? )
關(guān)于在家用電腦進(jìn)行工作和學(xué)習(xí)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)相比離大家生活并不遙遠(yuǎn)。通過brainstorming，我們能夠列出以下一些優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)：
家里環(huán)境舒適 不與人溝通很悶
時(shí)間靈活，可以兼顧家庭事務(wù) 自控性不強(qiáng)，效率不高
節(jié)省上下班/學(xué)的時(shí)間和費(fèi)用 電腦輻射對(duì)身體不好
公司節(jié)省辦公室租金 缺乏戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)
減緩交通壓力 企業(yè)掌控力有限
那么從里面挑出一些更加直接相關(guān)并且自己英語能力能夠達(dá)到的"點(diǎn)"，按照自己的觀點(diǎn)選擇適當(dāng)數(shù)量的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，在每一個(gè)點(diǎn)里進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展論述。如果認(rèn)為利大于弊好寫一些，那么就在"+"里面選3條擴(kuò)展，在"-"里面選2條擴(kuò)展。
B。語氣之戰(zhàn)
但是僅僅這樣還是不夠的，考生通常都會(huì)想，"我寫點(diǎn)利，寫點(diǎn)弊，利寫多點(diǎn)不就完了。"這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)的。比方說，我買某一束花的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，優(yōu)點(diǎn)3條：色彩艷麗，香味撲鼻，物美價(jià)廉，但是有一條缺點(diǎn)：我對(duì)花過敏。那么優(yōu)點(diǎn)寫再長(zhǎng)，一條缺點(diǎn)就決定了我不應(yīng)該買這束花。所以在對(duì)于優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)描述的語氣上也要注意態(tài)度：色彩特別艷麗，香味沁人心脾，絕對(duì)物超所值。這樣就把優(yōu)點(diǎn)實(shí)實(shí)在在地釘在讀者心里。關(guān)于缺點(diǎn)呢，就改成，我有可能對(duì)花過敏。這樣這個(gè)缺點(diǎn)就不是那么致命了。
也就是說在語氣上，觀點(diǎn)側(cè)重的部分要十分肯定(must, definitely, undoubtedly, absolutely, affirmatively, surely, extremely, ……)，而小于的部分要減小可能性(may, could, might, probably, possibly, to some extent, ……)。這樣，強(qiáng)勢(shì)的那部分有進(jìn)一步占了上風(fēng)。
C。徹底擊敗
論文，就是要證明自己的觀點(diǎn)是對(duì)的，也就是說，要最大限度地不讓反對(duì)者有機(jī)可乘。如果觀點(diǎn)為利大于弊，那么認(rèn)為弊很重要的就是反對(duì)者。所以如果就把弊擺在那里不管是不行的，必須想辦法徹底擊敗缺點(diǎn)，這樣優(yōu)點(diǎn)才能以絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)大于缺點(diǎn)。以"利大于弊"的觀點(diǎn)為例，進(jìn)一步擊敗的方法有三：
1.不重要：出現(xiàn)的缺點(diǎn)根本不算什么。比如上文說到買花過敏，如果過敏無非就是打兩個(gè)噴嚏，不要緊，那么最終還是買花的優(yōu)點(diǎn)占了上風(fēng)。
2.可解決：出現(xiàn)的缺點(diǎn)很容易就可以解決。買花過敏了，我把它放在玻璃柜里就沒事了，仍然可以欣賞到它的美，這樣就可以買花了。在家用電腦工作缺乏與人溝通，但現(xiàn)在電腦科技發(fā)達(dá)，可以視頻、通話、網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)議等等，一點(diǎn)不缺乏溝通的真實(shí)性。這樣還是在家工作的好處多。
3.可轉(zhuǎn)化：出現(xiàn)的缺點(diǎn)其實(shí)從另一個(gè)角度來看其實(shí)是優(yōu)點(diǎn)。比如果學(xué)生在家學(xué)習(xí)自控力差，學(xué)習(xí)效率不高。其實(shí)這恰恰是一種鍛煉學(xué)生自學(xué)能力甚至是獨(dú)立自主能力的好方法，如果能有好的引導(dǎo)和監(jiān)督，那么還是這些學(xué)生比在老師實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)督下的學(xué)生更懂得如何學(xué)習(xí)。這樣，優(yōu)點(diǎn)就更占優(yōu)勢(shì)了。
以上這三個(gè)方法同樣適用于弊大于利的觀點(diǎn)，也就是要把"利"削弱掉。比如說，家里環(huán)境舒適，但是好的辦公室或者學(xué)校的環(huán)境對(duì)于工作和學(xué)習(xí)來說更合適(不重要);家里通常沒有工作和學(xué)習(xí)所需要的豐富資料(可解決);家里舒適反而讓人好逸惡勞(可轉(zhuǎn)化)。針對(duì)不同需要削弱的點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該選擇不同的策略，而且針對(duì)一個(gè)點(diǎn)的削弱，不需要三種方法全部用上，做到削弱即可。
托福寫作中可以用到的數(shù)量詞
一些a range of a variety of a series of an array of
無數(shù)innumerable countless
許多plenty of many much a great deal of a lot of ample
非常多(大)的tremendous
依序列舉list in sequence
時(shí)間詞
過時(shí)的outdated antiquated outmoded obsolete anachronistic
短暫的ephemeral transitory transient short-lived
不合時(shí)宜的anachronism
可持久的durable able to stand wear last a long time
一再time after time again and again
初始的preliminary
前述的aforementioned aforesaid former
自古到今from ancient times to the present day down through the ages
年輕人young people youngster youth young adult
老式的old-fashioned out of date dated
偶爾from time to time now and then once in a while at times.....
淺談托福寫作中副詞的用法
1、用插入語開頭，表示說話人的態(tài)度，或使句子的意思更加準(zhǔn)確：
Strangely enough，Jennifer does not enjoy sunshine and beach.
Generally speaking，winter in Vancouver is gloomy.
2、用副詞開頭，常見的情形有：
(1) 副詞表示某一地域或某一領(lǐng)域
Geographically， Canada is the biggest country in the world.
Financially， she is independent， but emotionally she is dependent.
(2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞
Hurriedly， the man drew me a scratch map to show me the direction.
Dangerously， the drunkard sped down the street.
Slowly and gently， snowflakes were drifting down from the sky.
(3)副詞修飾全句
Luckily， he didn't know my phone number; otherwise， he would bother me.
Incredibly， Helena got straight A in her school report this semester.
Interestingly， cats and dogs can hardly get along well in a house.
修飾全句常用的副詞有：
obviously，undoubtedly，apparently，fortunately，clearly，unfortunately，incredibly，luckily， without doubt， surprisingly，frighteningly
這些副詞大多數(shù)表示說話人對(duì)全句的看法，在意思上相等與“It is …形容詞 that …”。
托福寫作范文：運(yùn)動(dòng)員得高薪利弊還是事實(shí)相關(guān)文章：
托福寫作范文：運(yùn)動(dòng)員得高薪利弊還是事實(shí)
