托福寫(xiě)作30分技巧:橫向展開(kāi)
相信大家都很想突破自己，在托福寫(xiě)作中取得高分，下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)托福寫(xiě)作30分技巧:橫向展開(kāi)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
托福寫(xiě)作30分技巧:橫向展開(kāi)
● 什么是“橫向展開(kāi)”?
我們直接看以下兩個(gè)主體部分段落行文的例子：
3月3日托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目
“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Primary school is considering that they may spend more time on teaching young students (aged between 5 and 11) technology, such as computers, than on teaching music and art. ”
舉例說(shuō)明
以下為主體部分的一個(gè)分論點(diǎn)段落為例：
The years between the ages of 5 and 11 is the critical period when people’s characters form. 【“橫向展開(kāi)”時(shí)，The first句話(huà)不是段落的中心句，而是“賣(mài)關(guān)子”的開(kāi)始。】They either become charismatic individuals, who have good aesthetics and proper manners and can give an artistic touch on everything they do, or become boring people, whose thought is mechanically programmed. 【第二句話(huà)，順沿The first句話(huà)的中心信息(people’s characters form)，但是依然不把話(huà)說(shuō)破?！緼t this point, isn’t it clear that young minds are cultivated when music and other forms of art are learned and they may be stiffened when they are occupied by the codes? 【到了第三句話(huà)，一下子命中要害?！?For example, _____. 【然后正常舉例詮釋上面的道理，舉例過(guò)程可以和大家日常習(xí)慣的局里方式無(wú)異?！?/p>
3月16日托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目
“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Taking a lot time to make decisions was a bad quality for people to have, but now, is a good quality for people to have.”
”
舉例說(shuō)明
以下為主體部分的一個(gè)分論點(diǎn)段落為例：
【我們?cè)僭囈淮巍皺M向展開(kāi)”：】Often, poor decisions have a number of limitations in common. 【The first句說(shuō)不好的決定肯定有問(wèn)題，又是“賣(mài)關(guān)子”的開(kāi)始：】 When the decision-making is broken down, we see no step-by-step calculation, no swings or hesitation, and obviously no discussions with others.【第二句具體說(shuō)說(shuō)做出不好的決定的過(guò)程中缺失的東西?！?Instead, there are impulses, underestimation of the implications and plenty of blind spots.【第三句說(shuō)說(shuō)這個(gè)過(guò)程中有哪些問(wèn)題?！緼t this point, isn’t it apparent that all of these deficiencies are time-related? In other words, if the decision-maker could take some time, the decision would not be bad. 【到了第四句話(huà)，一下子命中要害?！縁or example, _____. 【然后正常舉例詮釋上面的道理，舉例過(guò)程可以和大家日常習(xí)慣的局里方式無(wú)異?！?/p>
結(jié)論
※※ “橫向展開(kāi)”：即行文時(shí)，不要用中心句一句話(huà)把段落大意總結(jié)出來(lái)后再細(xì)化，而是用一步一步推導(dǎo)的方式最后得到(主體部分中分論點(diǎn)的)結(jié)論。
托福寫(xiě)作應(yīng)該如何高效練習(xí)
托福寫(xiě)作往往是中國(guó)學(xué)生比擬費(fèi)勁的門(mén)類(lèi)之一，由于寫(xiě)作調(diào)查的不只是學(xué)生的謀篇布局，還需求學(xué)生可以比擬嫻熟的運(yùn)用英文單詞和語(yǔ)法?？墒怯⑽膶?xiě)作關(guān)于出國(guó)讀書(shū)的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)又至關(guān)重要，不只TOEFL、SAT考試中觸及寫(xiě)作，出國(guó)后學(xué)生會(huì)面對(duì)許多journal乃至論文的寫(xiě)作，練好英文寫(xiě)作迫在眉睫。但是高分作文并不是遙不行及，只需學(xué)生把握了詞、句、階段的寫(xiě)作方法，TOEFL寫(xiě)作取得高分就手到擒來(lái)。
富麗詞采發(fā)明完滿(mǎn)第一印象：
You never have a second chance to leave the first impression。中國(guó)學(xué)生在英文寫(xiě)作中露出的一個(gè)難題就是習(xí)慣于運(yùn)用一些老生常談(cliché)，這樣的用詞往往會(huì)給讀者帶來(lái)負(fù)面的第一印象。比方在表達(dá)“損壞”這一概念時(shí)，大多數(shù)中國(guó)學(xué)生想到的單詞是“break”，很少有學(xué)生能運(yùn)用更地道和更形象的“undermine”，“devastate”和“jeopardize”。中文寫(xiě)作時(shí)，教師通知咱們要用一些“好詞好句”。
同理，美麗的英文作文也需求一些富麗的詞采。正如咱們可以用“鶴立雞群”來(lái)替代“優(yōu)異”相同，英文寫(xiě)作中可以用“prominent”，“distinguished”等高檔詞匯來(lái)替代被用得眾多的“excellent”。為協(xié)助學(xué)生打破寫(xiě)作，我總結(jié)了寫(xiě)作里邊運(yùn)用頻率最高的50個(gè)單詞，并整理了這50個(gè)單詞的近義詞和短語(yǔ)，學(xué)生在英文寫(xiě)作中運(yùn)用這些富麗詞采毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)能給讀者發(fā)明出完滿(mǎn)的第一印象。
特別句式成果別具一格：
高分作文首要需求學(xué)生可以寫(xiě)對(duì)語(yǔ)句，其次運(yùn)用單個(gè)特別句式如虎添翼，打破高分。比方300字的作文中有認(rèn)識(shí)的寫(xiě)四五個(gè)長(zhǎng)語(yǔ)句，一起運(yùn)用比如定語(yǔ)從句，非謂語(yǔ)，兩層否定，倒裝的語(yǔ)句。比方在描繪“我每天都想你”這個(gè)語(yǔ)句時(shí)，大多數(shù)學(xué)生會(huì)寫(xiě)“I miss you every day”。這樣的表達(dá)單一庸俗，毫無(wú)立異。
高分作文的表達(dá)方法是“Never does a day go by without missing you.(不想你一天都過(guò)不去)”。這個(gè)語(yǔ)句運(yùn)用了兩層否定以及否定詞前置倒裝的表達(dá)方法。我常常通知學(xué)生，第一個(gè)呈現(xiàn)在你腦海里的表達(dá)常常也是另外學(xué)生想到的表達(dá)，想要在寫(xiě)作中鋒芒畢露，就要把握一些特另外表達(dá)句式。
銜接詞展示細(xì)致的階段內(nèi)部邏輯：
階段寫(xiě)作的難點(diǎn)之一是找不到資料。冰三尺非一日之寒，寫(xiě)作資料需求學(xué)生平常多堆集。TOEFL的寫(xiě)作與平常日子休戚相關(guān)，學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作的時(shí)分可以朝“本錢(qián)，收益，危險(xiǎn)，安康，學(xué)習(xí)，人際，環(huán)境和時(shí)刻”等方面找資料。而SAT的寫(xiě)作資料學(xué)生也可以從“應(yīng)戰(zhàn)威望，窘境成功，美好挑選，謊話(huà)詐騙”等方面樹(shù)立個(gè)人的作文比如庫(kù)。階段寫(xiě)作另一個(gè)難點(diǎn)是連詞成句。簡(jiǎn)略的說(shuō)，寫(xiě)階段就像玩 Jigsaw Puzzle(拼圖玩具)，每一塊小的拼圖猶如階段里邊的語(yǔ)句。完好的拼圖是靠每個(gè)小圖像之間對(duì)應(yīng)的杰出和洼陷相互組合而成，只要當(dāng)每?jī)蓚€(gè)小圖像的銜接正確了，整幅拼圖才干完結(jié)。階段也相同，只要每?jī)蓚€(gè)相鄰語(yǔ)句銜接正確了，整個(gè)階段才干達(dá)意。若是學(xué)生可以順暢寫(xiě)出單個(gè)的語(yǔ)句，再把握并排，轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)，遞進(jìn)，因果，假定，退讓和總分等邏輯銜接詞的正確運(yùn)用方法，階段寫(xiě)作就方便的解決。
托福寫(xiě)作常用的修辭方法
托福寫(xiě)作考試修辭參考匯總——排比對(duì)稱(chēng)結(jié)構(gòu)
Despite all the evidence， experts continue to debate weather global warming exists， how extensive the problem is， what the likely effects will be and whether any remedy is possible.
Despite all the evidence， experts continue to debate the existence of global warming， the extent of the problem， its likely effects and any possible remedy.
托福寫(xiě)作考試修辭參考匯總——比喻
(1)明喻：比喻詞出現(xiàn)：as， like， as if…
In many ways， no doubt， our world grows more and more complex， sputniks cannot be simple; yet how many of our complexities remain futile， how many of our artificialities false. Simplicity too can be subtle-as the straight lines of a Greek temple， like the Parthenon at Athens， are delicately curved in order to look straighter still.
(2)暗喻：比喻詞不出現(xiàn)。
America has given the Negro people a bad check， which has come back marked insufficient funds.
托福寫(xiě)作考試修辭參考匯總——對(duì)照：加深印象
Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice; moderation is the pursuit of justice is no virtue.
托福寫(xiě)作考試修辭參考匯總——類(lèi)比
The Negro has a callus growing on his soul and it is getting harder and harder to hurt him here. That is a simple law of nature. Like a callus on the foot in a shoe that is too tight. The foot is nature’s and that shoe was put on by man. The tight shoe will pinch your foot and make you holler and scream. But sooner or later， if you do not take the shoe off， a callus will form on the foot and begin to wear out the shoe.
It is the same with the Negro in America. That shoe-the white man’s system—has pinched and rubbed and squeezed his soul until it has almost destroyed him. But it did not. And how a callus has formed on his soul， and unless that system is adjusted to fit him， too， that callus is going to wear our that system.
托福寫(xiě)作考試修辭參考匯總——擬人
Dawn was beginning to prowl about the sky and put out the starts.
托福寫(xiě)作考試修辭參考匯總——夸張
For she was beautiful—her beauty made the bright world dim， and everything beside seemed like the fleeting image of a shade.
托?？荚噷?xiě)作必背范文：Scientific Theories
In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.
A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientist’s predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said, “Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.”
Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.
In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. Without hypothesis, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.
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托福寫(xiě)作30分技巧:橫向展開(kāi)
