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GRE寫作Issue題目分析與提綱1

第一類 社會

2. "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society." 歸根結(jié)底，競爭對于社會是利多弊少。

Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society.

1. Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society.

2. In democratic countries, when parties and candidates compete for power, the public benefits.

3. Admittedly, when competition gets out of the control of mores and laws, society will suffer.

競爭對于社會的優(yōu)點和缺點

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3. "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."與其花錢進行可能有助于后代的長期性研究，還不如把錢花在迫在眉睫，已經(jīng)存在的社會問題上。

Humanity should take into account both long-term interests and short-term interests when making budgets.

1. Naturally, each generation is most concerned about solving problems that immediately confront them.

2. However, what differentiates human beings from other animals is that humans have a sense of future and are morally responsible for the well-being of their descendents.

3. Therefore, as beneficiaries of previous generations, each generation should make its own contribution for the well-being of future generations.

當務(wù)之急和百年大計的關(guān)系

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9. "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."

近些年來，學科已經(jīng)細化到了相當?shù)某潭纫灾劣趯W者們的理念只影響小范圍的人群。除非學者們能擁有影響到大范圍的人群，否則他們的理念將幾乎毫無用處。

The speaker oversimplifies the issue of academic influence on society.

1. It is true that academic disciplines have become so specialized nowadays that some scholar’s seemingly idiosyncratic ideas only reach a narrow audience.

2. It is also true that social scientists’ failing to reach the large public makes it impossible for their ideas to contribute to society.

3. Nevertheless, scholars in certain realms are doomed to live in an isolated and purely academic world, which does not necessarily mean that their ideas will have little use.

過分專業(yè)化問題 overspecialization

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15. "The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior."

一個社會的穩(wěn)定取決于該社會對人們極端行為所作出的反應(yīng)。

It is true that how a society copes with the extremes of human behavior largely determines the society’s stability.

1. The extremes of human behavior--such as violence or strikes--usually dictate grave social troubles.

2. One solution to these social problems is suppressing, which proves effective in the short run and counterproductive in the long run.

3. The most effective way of responding to such problems is constructive communication and sometimes compromise.

抽象型題目

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16. "Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals."

盡管許多人認為現(xiàn)代生活的奢華和便利是絲毫沒有壞處的，但是這實際上讓人們無法成為真正強大和獨立的個體。

Agree

1. Consider first the effect of the automobile on our independence as individuals. In some respects the automobile serves to enhance such independence.

2. However, we have become slaves to the automobile.

3. Consider next the overall impact of the automobile on our strength as individuals, by which I mean strength of character, or mettle.

4. In contrast, there is a certain strength of character that comes with eschewing modern conveniences such as cars, and with the knowledge that one is contributing to a cleaner and quieter environment, a safer neighborhood, and arguably a more genteel society.

社會和個人之發(fā)展問題

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17. "There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."

有兩種法律：公正的和不公正的。每個社會成員都有責任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更應(yīng)該不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。

Disagree:

1. First, whether a law is just or unjust is rarely a straightforward issue. The fairness of any law depends on one’s personal value system.

2. The fairness of a law also depends on one’s personal interest, or stake, in the legal issue at hand.

3. Disobeying unjust laws often has the opposite effect of what was intended or hoped for.

4. By justifying a violation of one sort of law we find ourselves on a slippery slope toward sanctioning all types of illegal behavior, including egregious criminal conduct.

GRE寫作Issue題目分析與提綱2

19. "If a society is to thrive, it must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens."

如果一個社會要繁榮就必須將社會整體的成敗置于單個社會成員的幸福之上。

Disagree

1. The society is made up of individual citizens; therefore, the development of individual citizens is crucial for the development of the whole society.

2. A society that ignores the well being of individual citizens is bound to end up in social turmoil or revolution.

少數(shù)和多數(shù)之成功

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20. "National governments should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults."

任何一個國家的政府都應(yīng)該為孩子而不是為成人建設(shè)更多的社會項目和服務(wù)。

1. No one would deny the fact that it is in the young generation that lies the future of our society.

2. Therefore, we should attach enough importance to the development of children.

3. However, this does not mean that we can ignore the interests of adults, who make up the major work force of our society.

孩子和成人之社會建設(shè)

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22. "Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups (family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals."

很多人認為只是一些個人或者小團體(比如家庭、朋友、老師、名人)促成了他們的思維和行動。其實一直以來不是一些個人而是社會作為一個整體在定義我們和我們的態(tài)度。

1. Individuals and small groups also change our attitudes and minds to a large extent.

2. Everyone influencing us is also influenced the society.

3. Internet is playing an ever more significant role in influencing people’s attitude and values.

少數(shù)和多數(shù)之定義人生

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23. "Contemporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives."

現(xiàn)代技術(shù)使獲得大量細節(jié)信息成為可能。其結(jié)果是人們?nèi)褙炞⒂谄吡惆怂榈男畔⒍苌偃プ⒁飧蟮膯栴}和全局。

1. Access to great deal of information help people get a wider view of an issue, thus help them prevent being limited in thoughts.

2. Technology helps us pay more attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives.

3. To prevent preoccupation by fragmented information, people should hold right view on information, not to assimilate all, but to percolate relevant ones from those needing only a glance.

少數(shù)和多數(shù)之細節(jié)信息

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29. "Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy."

像演員、政治家和運動員這樣的公眾人物應(yīng)該預(yù)料到大眾會對他們的私生活感興趣。當他們希望受人矚目的時候就應(yīng)該至少預(yù)期到會失去一些隱私(被大眾得知一些隱私)。

Agree:

1. Intense media attention to the lives of public figures raises a presumption in the collective mind of the viewing or reading public that our public figures’ lives are far more interesting than our own.

2. The media consist of large corporations whose chief objective is to maximize shareholder profit. In pursuit of that objective, the media are simply giving the public what they demand—a voyeuristic look into the private lives of public figures.

3. Nevertheless, the statement should be qualified in that a political figure has reason to expect privacy than other public figures.

少數(shù)和多數(shù)之公眾人物的隱私

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33. "Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image."

在當代社會，打造一個引人入勝的外表已經(jīng)變得比外表下的內(nèi)容更加重要了。

I agree that image has become a more central concern, at least where short-term business or political success is at stake. Nevertheless, I think that in the longer term image ultimately yields to substance and fact.

1. The important role of image is particularly evident in the business world.

2. The growing significance of image is also evident in the political realm, particularly when it comes to presidential politics.

3. In the long terms, however, the significance of image wanes considerably.

外表和內(nèi)容

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36. "The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."

一個人是否偉大是由后人評定的而非他同時代的人。

1. We do not require a rear-view mirror to recognize artistic greatness— whether in music, visual arts, or literature. The reason for this is simple: art can be judged at face value.

2. In contrast, in the sciences it is difficult to identify greatness without the benefit of historical perspective.

3. In the realm of business, in some cases great achievement is recognizable immediately, while in other cases it is not.

時間先后

GRE寫作Issue題目分析與提綱3

40. "Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."

我們不應(yīng)該僅僅關(guān)注學者和研究者的著作能否對社會做出貢獻。更重要的是關(guān)注他們?nèi)绾巫非髮崿F(xiàn)自己的興趣，無論那些興趣顯得是多么的非同尋常。

Agree:

1. Who is to decide which areas of academic inquiry are worthwhile? Scholars cannot be left to decide; nor can regulators and legislators.

2. Secondly, by human nature we are motivated to pursue those activities in which we excel.

3. Thirdly, it is “idiosyncratic” and ”unusual” avenues of inquiry that lead to greatest contributions to society.

少數(shù)和多數(shù)之科學家

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41. "Such non-mainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."

研究界的一些非主流領(lǐng)域，比如星象學、占卜術(shù)和意念及超自然探索，在社會中起到了很重要的作用，因為它們滿足了人們無法從主流科學獲得的需求。

1. Admittedly, these non-mainstream areas of inquiry address certain human needs, which mainstream science and other areas of intellectual inquiry inherently cannot.

2. However, because these pursuits are not rooted in reason, they are favorite pastimes of charlatans and others who seek to prey on dupes.

3. Furthermore, without any sure way to evaluate the legitimacy of these avenues of inquiry, participants become vulnerable to self-deception, false hopes, fantastic ideas and even delusions.

少數(shù)和多數(shù)之非主流學科

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46. "While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation."

政府、體育界、工業(yè)界和其他領(lǐng)域中的一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者將他們的成功歸因于一種高度的競爭意識，然而一個社會還是應(yīng)該更好的為那些即將成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的年輕人灌輸一種合作的意識。

Agree

1. The chief reason why we should stress cooperation in nurturing young people today is that, as tomorrow’s leaders, they will face pressing societal problems that simply cannot be solved apart from cooperative international efforts.

2. The second compelling reason for instilling in young people a sense of cooperation over competition is that effective leadership depends less on the latter than the former.

3. A third reason why instilling a sense of cooperation is to be preferred over instilling a sense of competition is that the latter serves to narrow a leader’s focus on thwarting the efforts of competitors.

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47. "Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect--that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills."

社會對于理性還是重視不夠，比如推理和認知的能力。

While the speaker might overlook the benefits of nurturing certain emotions and feelings, on balance I agree that it is by way of our heads rather than our hearts that we can best ensure the well-being of our society.

1. I concede that undue emphasis on cultivating the intellect at the expense of healthy emotions can harm and individual psychologically.

2. In many other respects, however, emphasizing emotions and de-emphasizing intellect can carry negative, even dangerous, consequences for any society.

3. The dangers of a de-emphasis on intellect are all too evident in contemporary America.

獨立題目

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58. "The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves."

現(xiàn)代生活越來越快的節(jié)奏弊多利少。

Agree

1. The rapid pace of life has resulted in health problems in unprecedented large numbers.

2. Although people today have more leisure time, they are not in a better position than their ancestors to enjoy themselves.

3. More unfortunately, people seem to have become addicted to the rapid pace of modern life.

利多弊少題型

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61. "High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition."

最高榮譽比如諾貝爾獎實際上是在損害社會，因為這種獎項在暗示只有少數(shù)人才配得上這樣的榮譽。

The fact that only a few people deserve high-profile awards is insufficient evidence to suggest that such awards are damaging to society.

1. Undoubtedly, high-profile awards suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition.

2. What is significant is that high-profile awards point out the right directions in which all individuals in particular fields should make efforts.

3. To make sure that high-profile awards serve the right purpose of society, it is imperative that the rules of the awards be fair and strictly adhered to.

少數(shù)和多數(shù)，精英和大眾

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65. "People have been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent differences that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups."

人們被社會鼓勵而將注意力集中于顯而易見的差異上，以至于人們已經(jīng)無法看到各種理念、個人和群體之間的有意義的相似。

People in different cultural environments would respond differently to this statement.

1. On the one hand, western cultures tend to focus on differences among ideas, individuals and groups.

2. The danger of traditional societies, on the other hand, is to ignore differences forcing individuals and groups to conform to one authority.

3. A healthy attitude is to be sensitive to both differences and similarities.

統(tǒng)一和差異

GRE寫作Issue題目分析與提綱4

70. "In any profession--business, politics, education, government--those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership."

在任何領(lǐng)域中----商業(yè)、政治、教育、政府----掌權(quán)者應(yīng)該在五年后就讓位。這是任何機構(gòu)獲得成功的最好的方式：通過更新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者而保持活力。

Limiting the term of leadership is an effective way to prevent corruption and lack of initiatives.

1. When leaders have no fear of losing their power, they tend to abuse their power.

2. A new leadership usually has greater initiative and would bring in new ideas.

3. However, in certain realms such as business it might not be so necessary to limit the term of leadership.

4. Furthermore, new leaders often lack the necessary skill and experience to cope with existing problems; therefore, they need a period of time for adaptation.

新手和老手

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72. "One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities."

人們可以通過研究一個社會的主要城市來了解它最重要的特點。

It is no longer true the major cities are characteristic of a society.

1. Major cities used to be the cultural centers of a society.

2. Nowadays, however, due to the influence of globalization, major cities throughout the world look more or less the same.

3. By contrast, the rural areas of a society maintain more of its cultural tradition.

少數(shù)和多數(shù)之以小見大

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76. "Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society."

真正深刻的思想家和充滿創(chuàng)造力的藝術(shù)家總是超前于他們所在的時代和社會的。

To be more exact, great thinkers and artists are generally out of step with their time and society.

1. Many great artists remained obscure all their lives.

2. There are countless examples of original thinkers who were either ignored or misunderstood by their time and their society.

3. However, there are cases of greater thinkers or artists who were recognized and rocketed to instant fame in their own time and their own society.

另類天才

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77. "People today are too individualistic. Instead of pursuing self-centered, separate goals, people need to understand that satisfaction comes from working for the greater good of the family, the community, or society as a whole."

現(xiàn)在的人們太個人主義了。與其追求以個人為中心和孤立的目標，人們更需要明白滿足是源于為家庭、社區(qū)或者整個社會的更大利益的服務(wù)。

Extreme individualism has become a serious threat to the social fabric and the welfare of all members of society.

1. Some people may claim that the greater good of the family, the community or society lies in the good of the individual, which justifies the pursuit of self-interests.

2. The problem daunting contemporary society is that egoism as run wild.

3. Today there is every need for the society to encourage individuals to work for the interests of others.

少數(shù)和多數(shù)

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89. "Leaders are created primarily by the demands that are placed upon them."

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者主要是由身負的責任所造就的。

Generally speaking, leaders are the results of a combination of internal qualities and external conditions.

1. The demands place upon a person could challenge him or her to become a leader.

2. However, the statement seems to suggest that anybody can become a leader if demands are placed on him or her, which is unwarranted.

3. Besides opportunities, one also need to have certain qualities to make a leader.

時勢造英雄

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93. "The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making."

個人責任的概念是一種很必要的虛構(gòu)。盡管社會必須讓個人對他們自己的行為負責，但是人們的行為很大程度上不是自己能夠左右的。

1. The claim that individual responsibility is a necessary fictions has some merit in that a society where individuals are not held accountable for their actions and choices is a lawless one, devoid of any order whatsoever.

2. A correlative argument for individual responsibility involves the fact that lawless, or anarchist, states give way to despotic rule by strong individuals who seize power.

3. As for the speaker’s second claim, it flies in the face of our everyday experiences in making choices and decisions.

少數(shù)和多數(shù)之個人責任

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113. "It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves."

如果我們要定位自己最重要是要定位自己所處的社會團體。

I strongly agree that we define ourselves primarily through our identification with social groups, as the speaker asserts.

1. Any developmental psychologist would agree that socialization with other children plays a critical role in any child’s understanding and psychological development of self.

2. As children progress to the social world of the playground and other after-school venues, their earlier recognition that they relate more closely to some people than to others evolves into a desire to form well-defined social groups, and to set these groups apart from others.

3. However, as young adults take on the responsibilities of partnering, parenting, and working, they appear to define themselves less by their social affiliations and more by their marital status, parental status, and occupation.

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