如何避免托福閱讀中的回讀
在考托福閱讀的時(shí)候回讀這種習(xí)慣是非常浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致最后做不完題目，那么如何避免托福閱讀中的回讀呢?下面小編就給大家分享一下!
如何避免托福閱讀中的回讀
知己知彼，方能百戰(zhàn)百勝，我先探究一下回讀產(chǎn)生的原因
回讀產(chǎn)生的原因：
考托們應(yīng)該都知道閱讀難度大。難度大主要體現(xiàn)在：
1.生詞
2 .長(zhǎng)難句理解能力差
3.文章結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜
以上三個(gè)問(wèn)題占到2個(gè)，回讀是注定了的。
所以接下來(lái)，咱們談一下解決方案：
1.生詞-生詞這個(gè)問(wèn)題，真的沒(méi)有什么好說(shuō)的，記就行了，有四六級(jí)or雅思托福詞匯基礎(chǔ)的就直接記gmat詞匯就好，記完之后再記學(xué)科詞匯。
ps:不管單詞積累有多少，考試中只能是減少生詞量，不可能杜絕生詞的出現(xiàn)，所以大家碰見(jiàn)學(xué)科類的生詞也不要太慌，這些生詞不會(huì)影響你做題的。但是!!!!!假如偏義詞or動(dòng)詞or形容詞大量不認(rèn)識(shí)，一定會(huì)影響做題!!!而且這是問(wèn)題是你詞匯量不夠造成的，gmat是沒(méi)有鍋的。
2.長(zhǎng)難句理解能力差 -這個(gè)問(wèn)題很尬，因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)難句理解差的話，不光是閱讀回讀的問(wèn)題了，句子改錯(cuò)的句子成分分析也絕對(duì)會(huì)受影響，所以上過(guò)我課的學(xué)生應(yīng)該知道，我都是先講句子改錯(cuò)后講閱讀來(lái)進(jìn)行承接。好，扯遠(yuǎn)了，我們來(lái)談?wù)劷鉀Q。
長(zhǎng)難句的解決 無(wú)非2點(diǎn)方法：
1.抱著語(yǔ)法書(shū)啃-很多哈，比如曼哈頓，白勇老師的語(yǔ)法書(shū) 楊鵬老師的長(zhǎng)難句 等等
2.拿長(zhǎng)難句每天進(jìn)行分析練習(xí)，每天懟10個(gè)句子，多懟一段時(shí)間，也會(huì)好很多
劉十三：長(zhǎng)難句分析入門-劉十三
PS: 長(zhǎng)難句理解只是有利于閱讀單個(gè)句子的理解。長(zhǎng)難句理解能力強(qiáng)，只是句子改錯(cuò)的基礎(chǔ)而已，任重道遠(yuǎn)啊，熏弟們。
3.文章結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜-語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)好的肯定都有一段時(shí)間包括考試中，會(huì)覺(jué)得單個(gè)句子都可以理解，但是放在一個(gè)自然段or一篇文章里面，上下句就聯(lián)系不起來(lái)了。
這個(gè)問(wèn)題很嚴(yán)重，因?yàn)殚喿x的解題沒(méi)有一道題跟上下句or段落間無(wú)關(guān)，只要他出現(xiàn)，那么考試中解題一定是隨緣選。所以上過(guò)課的朋友，我都是先講怎么快速梳理文章結(jié)構(gòu)，再講做題思路。
那么有人可能會(huì)問(wèn)了，老師，那梳理文章結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)不會(huì)影響做題速度，我個(gè)人愚見(jiàn)不會(huì)，你回讀的功夫比你梳理文章結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)間多多了，而且還造成你緊張，哪個(gè)劃算自己想。
接下來(lái)講一下怎么梳理文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
首先我們先確定一個(gè)點(diǎn)所有的gmat文章都是邏輯性很強(qiáng)的，言下之意，你可以把段落or文章理解成論點(diǎn)(通常在段首，沒(méi)有就歸納)-論據(jù)的 argument關(guān)系。邊讀邊做筆記，筆記怎么簡(jiǎn)單怎么記，自己看得懂就行。
我以一個(gè)自然段來(lái)做范例。
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now 轉(zhuǎn)折Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than 0,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, 遞進(jìn)some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.
論點(diǎn)：
M b --- o , r
論據(jù)：
a. cr – 少數(shù) 企業(yè) ――缺訂單
b. con -- 大公司――幫助小公司 and 紀(jì)錄成果
c. f l ――設(shè)定百分比
我都是寫得還湊合的簡(jiǎn)單，大家要相信自己考試的情況下，你怎么簡(jiǎn)單的筆記，你自己也能回憶起來(lái)的。
這樣寫下來(lái)有兩個(gè)好處：1.避免回讀浪費(fèi)時(shí)間 2.文章邏輯理解更好，方便后面做題
怎么去訓(xùn)練這個(gè)東西，很簡(jiǎn)單， 刷og 的時(shí)候?qū)憣懏嫯?，寫得?jiǎn)單一點(diǎn)快一點(diǎn)，真的不會(huì)影響你的速度的，就像我剛剛談到的，你都有回讀的問(wèn)題了，何不選擇一個(gè)實(shí)用的讀法呢?
托福閱讀成績(jī)忽高忽低的原因
托福閱讀，很多考友的閱讀成績(jī)是忽高忽低，之所以會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的問(wèn)題是由于什么呢?
一提到托福閱讀，很多考友第一反應(yīng)就是，這東西分?jǐn)?shù)要高!現(xiàn)實(shí)情況也是這樣的，如果你真的要達(dá)到托福100分這個(gè)程度，那么對(duì)于你來(lái)說(shuō)，閱讀不達(dá)到27分幾乎是不可能的。如果能達(dá)到28分或者29分，那么你得到100分的幾率就會(huì)相應(yīng)大增。
但是現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是，很多考友的閱讀成績(jī)是忽高忽低，有的時(shí)候可以一篇文章1個(gè)都不錯(cuò)，有的時(shí)候會(huì)1篇文章錯(cuò)到6、7個(gè)。完全無(wú)規(guī)律可言。誠(chéng)然，當(dāng)一篇文章一個(gè)都不錯(cuò)的時(shí)候，代表了你實(shí)力某種意義上的提升，但是，水桶理論告訴我們，你的水平是由木桶里最短的那一塊板子決定的。因此你經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在考試的時(shí)候托福成績(jī)很難會(huì)證明你做過(guò)全對(duì)。
其實(shí)之所以會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的問(wèn)題，完全是因?yàn)橥懈？荚囀且粓?chǎng)時(shí)間與經(jīng)驗(yàn)的交鋒!
時(shí)間，其實(shí)很短，1篇文章20分鐘的時(shí)間。只要做過(guò)幾篇你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，并沒(méi)有留給我們太多思考的時(shí)間和空間，一切的判斷都像是在電光火石之間作出的。但是在家里練習(xí)的時(shí)候卻不是這樣，沒(méi)有喧鬧的考場(chǎng)，沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格的時(shí)間限制，關(guān)鍵是沒(méi)有巨大的壓力，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你幾乎可以發(fā)揮出你全部的功力!這就是為什么很多考友都是在考試的時(shí)候，沒(méi)有平時(shí)的發(fā)揮好，就是這個(gè)原因。
其實(shí)很多考友之所以覺(jué)得自己的閱讀好，那是因?yàn)閲?guó)內(nèi)的英語(yǔ)考試難度低，而且考察的也沒(méi)有托福考試考察的精細(xì)。舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子，很多考友都會(huì)默認(rèn)性的認(rèn)為result后面接的都是結(jié)果，但是實(shí)際上result from后面接的應(yīng)該是原因。再比如，很多考友都會(huì)認(rèn)為absence這個(gè)單詞的意思是“缺席”，也就是“人沒(méi)來(lái)”的意思，但是托福考試中卻是“沒(méi)有”的意思，就是因?yàn)檫@一個(gè)又一個(gè)的細(xì)節(jié)，使得你這里錯(cuò)一題，那里錯(cuò)一題。然后很快，1篇文章就錯(cuò)了5-7題。
這里表面上是因?yàn)閱卧~不熟悉，但是如果細(xì)究起來(lái)，是你對(duì)于英語(yǔ)本身不夠熟悉。而且如果再向下繼續(xù)梳理的話，就很快會(huì)涉及到2個(gè)層面第一個(gè)是單詞，第二個(gè)是語(yǔ)法。多背單詞，這是幾乎每一個(gè)考友都會(huì)想到的，但是語(yǔ)法，好吧，其實(shí)這是很多考友所欠缺的，但是僅僅是沒(méi)有注意到而已。
但是當(dāng)我們談到這里的時(shí)候，其實(shí)，還應(yīng)該有第三點(diǎn)，也就是經(jīng)常被很多考友忽略的點(diǎn)浮出了水面，其實(shí)就是固定搭配。比如說(shuō)剛才提到的result from以及absence of其實(shí)都算是此列，很多考友之前很少會(huì)關(guān)注這些點(diǎn)。
不過(guò)各位小鷗們也不必?fù)?dān)心，亦鷗老師告訴你其實(shí)你只要踏踏實(shí)實(shí)的把TPO做透，這些問(wèn)題其實(shí)全都會(huì)迎刃而解。關(guān)鍵的是要做透，因?yàn)楹芏嗫加阎皟H僅是很習(xí)慣于，把TPO做完了之后，就扔在一邊，其實(shí)我們應(yīng)該做的是，將那些錯(cuò)題仔仔細(xì)細(xì)的分析一遍，去看看自己到底有什么地方錯(cuò)了，以及為什么會(huì)錯(cuò)!這才是最重要的!永遠(yuǎn)要知道托福閱讀其實(shí)就像是一本書(shū)，你只要將這本書(shū)讀完了，并且牢牢地記在心里，那么你就會(huì)有好成績(jī)。而不是單純的撫摸兩遍這本書(shū)，你的成績(jī)就會(huì)變好的，換句話說(shuō)，做題的過(guò)程其實(shí)是一個(gè)查缺補(bǔ)漏的過(guò)程，而不是一個(gè)單純的做題的過(guò)程。
因此，如果你的閱讀成績(jī)忽高忽低，那么就要從1 單詞 2 語(yǔ)法 3 固定搭配這三個(gè)角度去分析，你的原因一定至少是其中之一!
托福閱讀真題及答案1
Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.
When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.
In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.
1. What is the main idea of the passage ?
(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment.
(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs.
(C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.
(D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.
2. The word They in line 2 refers to
(A) aviculturists
(B) birds
(C) eggs
(D) rates
3. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler
than the top, then
(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation
(B) the embryo will not develop normally
(C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position.
(D) the incubation process is slowed down
4. According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to
(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick
(B) hold the nest together
(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest
(D) make the nest bigger
5. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to
(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest
(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest
(C) keep the nest in a clean condition
(D) touch the bottom of the eggs
6. All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT
(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest
(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest
(C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell
(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell
7. The word suspend in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) build
(B) paint
(C) hang
(D) move
8. The word fatal in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) close
(B) deadly
(C) natural
(D) hot
9. The word secure in line 27 is closest in meaning to
(A) fresh
(B) dry
(C) safe
(D) warm
10. According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides
(A) a constant source of humidity
(B) a strong nest box
(C) more room for newly hatched chicks
(D) protection against cold weather
11. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?
(A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.
(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly
(C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does.
(D) They are expensive to operate.
12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
(A) Aviculturists (line 1)
(B) gradient (line 8)
(C) incubation (line 15)
(D) embryo (line 22)
托福閱讀真題及答案2
PASSAGE 18
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.
Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.
During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women's organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United States one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliff Céol lege, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.
Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the great women theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on great men. To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The role of literature in early American histories
(B) The place of American women in written histories
(C) The keen sense of history shown by American women
(D) The great women approach to history used by American historians
2. The word contemporary in line 6 means that the history was
(A) informative
(B) written at that time
(C) thoughtful
(D) faultfinding
3. In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that
(A) a woman's status was changed by marriage
(B) even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored
(C) only three women were able to get their writing published
(D) poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women
4. The word celebratory in line 12 means that the writings referred to were
(A) related to parties
(B) religious
(C) serious
(D) full of praise
5. The word they in line 12 refers to
(A) efforts
(B) authors
(C) counterparts
(D) sources
6. In the second paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century histories does the author point
out?
(A) They put too much emphasis on daily activities
(B) They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.
(C) The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.
(D) They were printed on poor-quality paper.
7. On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the following would most likely
have been collected by nineteenth-century feminist organizations?
(A) Newspaper accounts of presidential election results
(B) Biographies of John Adams
(C) Letters from a mother to a daughter advising her how to handle a family problem
(D) Books about famous graduates of the country's first college
8. What use was made of the nineteenth-century women's history materials in the Schlesinger
Library and the Sophia Smith Collection?
(A) They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia
(B) They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.
(C) They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.
(D) They were shared among women's colleges throughout the United States.
9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of nineteenth-century great women EXCEPT
(A) authors
(B) reformers
(C) activists for women's rights
(D) politicians
10. The word representative in line 29 is closest in meaning to
(A) typical
(B) satisfied
(C) supportive
(D) distinctive
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如何避免托福閱讀中的回讀
