1月9日托福閱讀真題答案及解析
在托福閱讀考試中的篇幅比較長(zhǎng)，所以大家可以在備考期間多積累一些背景資料，可以幫助我們進(jìn)行有效的練習(xí)，下面來(lái)看看2016年1月9日托福閱讀真題答案及解析，以及本次考試中考到的背景資料有哪些?
1月9日托福閱讀真題答案及解析
詞匯題：
durable=long last
simultaneously=at the same time
recognized=accepted
case in point=good example
the course of change=the way change developed
courteous=polite
barring=excluding
elevated=high
incidence=frequency
dismiss=reject
hasten=hurry
1月9日托福閱讀第一篇 英國(guó)工業(yè)革命之后的大蕭條
原文回顧：其他地方享受著工業(yè)革命帶來(lái)成果時(shí)，英國(guó)人民卻在水深火熱之中。造成這種蕭條的原因來(lái)自工業(yè)革命本身，聯(lián)通的便利使得其它國(guó)家的農(nóng)作物涌進(jìn)歐洲，英國(guó)不得不降低糧食價(jià)格來(lái)提高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，降價(jià)就得提高產(chǎn)量，于是農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)過(guò)剩，無(wú)人消費(fèi)。
第二篇 語(yǔ)言學(xué)
原文回顧：相似的語(yǔ)言來(lái)自同一種語(yǔ)言體系，語(yǔ)言在某一個(gè)時(shí)候被分化成很多支，時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，變化越大。不一樣的地區(qū)有不一樣的語(yǔ)言，然而一些相似的語(yǔ)言可能來(lái)自同一種語(yǔ)言體系。經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的演變，各種語(yǔ)族的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)都不同。不過(guò)這不影響研究，因?yàn)檎嬲芊磻?yīng)人們想法和經(jīng)歷的是詞匯。比如詞匯里二十多種有關(guān)衣服的表達(dá)，那么這說(shuō)明這對(duì)他們有特殊意義，而且他們的母語(yǔ)都有這東西。
相關(guān)背景學(xué)習(xí)： Linguistics
第三篇 白堊紀(jì)的物種大滅絕
原文回顧： 恐龍?jiān)诎讏准o(jì)滅絕是被廣泛承認(rèn)的，不過(guò)很多物種也是在這個(gè)時(shí)候滅絕的?？铸垳缃^還有一個(gè)原因是他繁殖太慢，有的動(dòng)物比如鱷魚(yú)就存活了下來(lái)?；钕聛?lái)的浮游生物大多有一種能力，不過(guò)界線兩邊的浮游生物化石有變化，浮游生物突然減少，而在這里另一種生物的石化增多了，而且正好在同一沉積層。他們之間可能有某些聯(lián)系。
相關(guān)背景學(xué)習(xí)：Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.
The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Earlier physical evidences of life include graphite, a biogenic substance, in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in southwestern Greenland, as well as, "remains of biotic life" found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. According to one of the researchers, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth ... then it could be common in the universe."
More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.
Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years.
Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.
托福詞匯之態(tài)度詞匯使用方法
證實(shí)：verify, prove, substantiate, corroborate, confirm
反駁：refute, disprove, controvert, contradict
支持(認(rèn)可): endorse, support, encourage, reinforce, countenance, approve
反對(duì)(抗議)：oppose, demur, deprecate, quibble, defy
肯定， 斷言：aver, assert, affirm, proclaim
否定：deny, gainsay, repudiate, disclaim, negate
托福詞匯分類之情緒感受
Modds and Feelings 情緒與感受
1.wonderful adj. 極好的
2.marvelous adj. 極棒的
3.terrific adj. 極佳的
4.fantastic adj. 太棒的
5.good adj. 好的
6.fine adj. 健康的
7.bad adj. 不好的
8.horrible adj. 糟透的
9.terrible adj. 極糟糕的
10.happy adj. 快樂(lè)開(kāi)心的
11.glad adj. 高興的
12.angry adj. 生氣的
13.jealous adj. 忌妒的
14.nervous adj. 緊張的
15.lonely adj. 寂寞的
16.afraid adj. 害怕的
17.sorry adj. 難過(guò)遺憾的
18.homesick adj. 想家的
19.envy adj. 羨慕
20.unhappy adj. 悲慘不快樂(lè)的
21.sad adj. 悲傷的
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1月9日托福閱讀真題答案及解析
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