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新托福閱讀真經(jīng)10天突破

內(nèi)容簡介

Day1：介紹TOEFL閱讀考試的基本信息，講解托福閱讀文章的選材、分類、寫作手法以及題型概述。對歷年真題中的閱讀文章根據(jù)題材詳細分類，從人物傳記類、美國歷史類、生物與科學類三個方面分析托福閱讀文章，使考生從整體上熟悉TOEFL閱讀考試。

Day2：對TOEFL閱讀考試的考點進行詳細剖析，分析閱讀考試的命題規(guī)律和趨勢，總結托福閱讀考試十大命題原則，并通過真題對每種命題原則進行詳細講解。

Day3：總結托福閱讀考試的十大題型，并以歷年真題為載體，講解各種題型的解題技巧和注意事項。

Day4：講解歷年真題中出現(xiàn)的長難句和復雜句，總結常見的特殊語法現(xiàn)象如“平行結構”和“倒裝結構”等，幫助考生突破語法難關。

Day5、Day6、Day7：通過初級進階模擬試題、中級進階模擬試題、高級進階模擬試題三個部分的階梯訓練，由淺人深，使考生逐步熟悉TOEFL考試的難度，提高考生的閱讀能力。

Day8、Day9：提供兩套TOEFL全真模擬試題，幫助考生在考試前檢測自己的學習情況。

Day10：總結歷年考試真題中出現(xiàn)的托福閱讀?？纪x詞表，許多單詞在考試中重復出現(xiàn)，通過積累高頻詞匯，考生可有效突破閱讀的詞匯關，從而取得閱讀高分。

本書得以順利出版，感謝中啟時創(chuàng)(北京)文化交流有限公司的趙中明老師、王起龍老師及中國人民大學出版社何冬梅老師在本書的編寫過程中提出的寶貴意見，感謝謝曉春老師、喻菡韻老師在本書編校過程中的辛勤工作。

作者簡介

何滿，著名出國英語考試培訓師，英語教學和測試專家。著有《雅思9分密碼》、《高中生學雅思閱讀》、《SAT閱讀真經(jīng)10天突破》等多部圖書。曾在全國各大高校進行巡回講座，學生遍布海內(nèi)外。對雅思、托福、SAT、GRE等各類出國考試的題型、解題技巧及發(fā)展趨勢把握精準，用最簡潔的語言詮釋考試內(nèi)容。授課風格生動幽默，獨辟蹊徑。獨創(chuàng)“掃描跳讀法”以及“象形記憶法”，幫助眾多考生攻克考試難關，一次性徹底擺脫背誦英語單詞的苦惱。

目　　錄

Day1　托福閱讀概況

第一節(jié)　托福閱讀基本信息

第二節(jié)　托福閱讀文章題材

Day2 托福閱讀十大命題原則

Day3 托福閱讀題型分類講解

第一節(jié)　詞匯題

第二節(jié)　事實信息題

第三節(jié)　否定事實信息題

第四節(jié)　推理題

第五節(jié)　修辭目的題

第六節(jié)　指代題

第七節(jié)　句子簡化題

第八節(jié)　插入文本題

第九節(jié)　文章內(nèi)容小結題

托福閱讀真題練習：美國移民

托福閱讀文本：

Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city, within the United States. The country had been overwhelmingly rural at the beginning of the century, with less than 5 percent of Americans living in large towns or cities. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840, increasing from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900. A country with only 6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities in 1900. Of these, 26 had a population of more than 100,000 including 3 that held more than a million people. Much of the migration producing an urban society came from smaller towns within the United States, but the combination of new immigrants and old American "settlers" on America's "urban frontier" in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary.

The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek a new life in the city and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products of industry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction — as well as the expanded market in consumer goods — allowed continued growth of the urban sector of the overall economy of the Untied States.

Technological developments further stimulated the process of urbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturing steel), which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. The refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting as well as of the telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that were unavailable to rural Americans and helped attract many of them from the farms into the cities. In every era the lure of the city included a major psychological element for country people: the bustle and social interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in rural isolation.

托福閱讀題目：

1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Technological developments

(B) The impact of foreign immigrants on cities

(C) Standards of living

(D) The relationship between industrialization and urbanization

2. The word "influx" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) working

(B) processing

(C) arrival

(D) attraction

3. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss

(A) foreign immigration

(B) rural life

(C) the agricultural revolution

(D) famous cities of the twentieth century

4. What proportion of population of the United States was urban in 1900?

(A) Five percent

(B) Eleven percent

(C) Twenty-eight percent

(D) Forty-six percent

5. The word "extraordinary" in line 12 is closet in meaning to

(A) expensive

(B) exceptional

(C) supreme

(D) necessary

6. The phrase "each other" in line 13 refers to

(A) foreign immigrants and domestic migrants

(B) farms and small towns

(C) growth of cities and industrialization

(D) industry and transportation

7. The word "stimulated" in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) forced

(B) prepared

(C) limited

(D) motivated

8. Why does the author mention "electric lighting" and "the telephone" in line 23?

(A) They contributed to the agricultural revolution

(B) They are examples of the conveniences of city life

(C) They were developed by the same individual.

(D) They were products of the Bessemer converter.

9. The word "them" in line 25 refers to

(A) urban areas

(B) ruralAmericans

(C) farms

(D) cities

10. The word "era" in line 25 is closest in meaning to

(A) period of time

(B) location

(C) action

(D) unique situation

11. The word "intriguing" in line 27 is closest in meaning to

(A) profitable

(B) attractive

(C) comfortable

(D) challenging

托福閱讀答案：

DCADB CDBBA B

托福閱讀真題練習：心理學領域

托福閱讀文本：

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones.

Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?"

托福閱讀題目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A)A tool to assist in making complex decisions.

(B)A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions

(C) Research on how people make decisions

(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making

2. The word "essential" in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) introductory

(B) changeable

(C) beneficial

(D) fundamental

3. The word "pertinent" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) relevant

(B) preceding

(C) insightful

(D) responsive

4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?

(A) Listing the consequences of each solution

(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution

(C) Deciding which consequences are most important

(D) Writing down all possible solutions

5.According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that

(A) has the fewest variables to consider

(B) uses the most decision worksheets

(C) has the most points assigned to it

(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people

6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of

(A) describing a process

(B) classifying types of worksheets

(C) providing historical background

(D) explaining a theory

7. The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once

(lines 17-18) to explain that

(A) most decisions involve seven steps

(B) human mental capacity has limitations

(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions

(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice

8. The word "succinct "in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) creative

(B) satisfactory

(C) personal

(D) concise

9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

(A) Proponents (line 5)

(B) Optimal (line 5)

(C) Variables (line 17)

(D) Long-range goals (line 25)

10. The word "it" in line 24 refers to

(A) worksheet

(B) problem

(C) distinction

(D) decision

11. The word "revise" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) ask

(B) explain

(C) change

(D) predict

托福閱讀答案：

ADADCABDBB C

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