讓你的托?？谡Z(yǔ)流利起來(lái)
練好口語(yǔ)是托福提分的重要一項(xiàng)，今天小編就來(lái)聊聊托?？谡Z(yǔ)怎么變流利，祝大家早日和托福君say goodbye！
托福口語(yǔ)28分需要具備的流利能力
熟悉打分原則
托福口語(yǔ)官方給出的打分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有三個(gè)，分別是：Delivery, Language Use, Topic Development。在這三個(gè)方面來(lái)說(shuō)，Delivery應(yīng)該是每個(gè)Task最為看重的部分，也就是說(shuō)大家的語(yǔ)言表現(xiàn)力---清晰度和流利度是最重要，也是拿到26分及以上的關(guān)鍵因素。
有些同學(xué)可能本身口語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)比較好，所以只要稍微學(xué)習(xí)一下答題的套路基本上就可以得到比較高的分?jǐn)?shù)了。但是很多同學(xué)臨場(chǎng)的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)水平并不能做到在45s或者60s內(nèi)非常流利和清晰地說(shuō)完。
假設(shè)這個(gè)時(shí)候還有比較長(zhǎng)的備考時(shí)間，建議可以創(chuàng)造一個(gè)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的環(huán)境，強(qiáng)迫自己每天都要說(shuō)，可以和自己說(shuō)話，也可以找一個(gè)好朋友一直用英語(yǔ)聊天之類的。假設(shè)只有比較短的備考時(shí)間，建議每天都要練習(xí)5-10道獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)的真題，積累語(yǔ)料，這樣會(huì)在流利度上有很大的提高。
準(zhǔn)備語(yǔ)料
參考上面一段的最后，其實(shí)托福口語(yǔ)的獨(dú)立題基本上都是很生活化的，涉及的問(wèn)題、領(lǐng)域無(wú)非也就是那么幾個(gè)，所以其實(shí)很方便把同一種回答套用在很多的題目上，主要就是靈活運(yùn)用的問(wèn)題。在這里給大家舉幾個(gè)例子，比如：今天遇到了一道題:
(2015.1.11)Which of the following activities do you consider most enjoyable for a Saturday afternoon?
1. Play sports game
2. Be with friends
3. Cook at home
我選擇了第一個(gè)sports game，我的理由是：
i. Mental health(relive pressure)
ii.Physical health(strengthen muscles, build up resistance).
在練習(xí)的時(shí)候有足夠的時(shí)間去優(yōu)化這個(gè)答案，查詢一些相關(guān)的詞組或者思考一些具體簡(jiǎn)潔的例子，那這個(gè)就可以作為一個(gè)語(yǔ)料去使用。
但是遇到完全一樣的題目的概率沒(méi)有很大，需要的是大家的轉(zhuǎn)化能力，比如：
(2015.1.25)If you were asked to do community service, which of the following activities do you like to choose and why?
1. Help children with their homework.
2. Teach adults how you use computer.
3. Clean the community park.
我會(huì)選擇第三個(gè)，因?yàn)閜ark可以為人們exercise提供場(chǎng)所，exercise是很重要的(插入語(yǔ)料)，所以我很想把park打掃干凈。
再比如：
(2017.11.11)Your local community center wants to add some new workshops or programs for children, which of the following do you think would be most beneficial for children’s development?
1. Art craft workshop
2. Athletic programs
3. Technology workshop
這道題我肯定選擇第三個(gè)，然后我的語(yǔ)料就可以隨便套用在上面了。
以上的例子是為了告訴大家，獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)的選擇和要說(shuō)的內(nèi)容從來(lái)都不必遵循自己的內(nèi)心，再經(jīng)過(guò)一定練習(xí)之后，最重要的就是怎么在考場(chǎng)上把曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的語(yǔ)料靈活地使用起來(lái)，這樣就可以機(jī)智地把即興發(fā)揮變成脫稿演講啦。
提升托福口語(yǔ)流利度方法
托?？谡Z(yǔ)的提高離不開(kāi)平時(shí)的練習(xí)，但是練習(xí)也是要講究方法的，不能盲目。出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)托福欄目為您提供如何提升托福口語(yǔ)流利度，希望能幫到大家哦!
新托福口語(yǔ)考試模式，采取人機(jī)對(duì)話的考試模式，由于對(duì)托?？谡Z(yǔ)考試模式的不熟悉，考生在考場(chǎng)上，常會(huì)結(jié)結(jié)巴巴。托?？谡Z(yǔ)考試對(duì)考生流利度的要求還是相當(dāng)高的。
練習(xí)是托?？谡Z(yǔ)技巧中最重要的部分。消除了心理的說(shuō)英語(yǔ)恐懼，也積累了一定的材料并總結(jié)出了自己的答題思路，這個(gè)時(shí)候就要通過(guò)實(shí)踐自我考察了。
其次是準(zhǔn)備因素，就是沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好要說(shuō)什么內(nèi)容?？谡Z(yǔ)的題目涉及生活各個(gè)方面，筆者經(jīng)常笑稱這是對(duì)自己生活的一次大回顧、大反思。如果你沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備，沒(méi)有什么話可以說(shuō)，最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤就是重復(fù)剛才自己說(shuō)的話，為自己爭(zhēng)取時(shí)間想下面要說(shuō)什么，正好犯了流利的大忌。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，參加口試的考生擔(dān)心自己會(huì)緊張。其實(shí)第一階段是很輕松，考官會(huì)理解你緊張的心情 ，同時(shí)托?？谠嚨膯?wèn)題是由易到難，循序漸進(jìn)的，因此考生很容易進(jìn)入狀態(tài)。很多學(xué)生考后的經(jīng)驗(yàn)都是第一階段一點(diǎn)都不緊張。最重要的是練習(xí)好心態(tài)的調(diào)整，在考試開(kāi)始時(shí)的幾分鐘完全放松。這幾分鐘很關(guān)鍵，一旦出了錯(cuò)就會(huì)亂了方寸，丟失信心。一旦出錯(cuò)，心里也不要老是耿耿于懷，想著剛才的失利，因?yàn)橄旅孢€有機(jī)會(huì)讓你補(bǔ)過(guò)?？偠灾荚囈罂忌邆淞己玫男睦锼刭|(zhì)，發(fā)揮出正常水平。
托?？谡Z(yǔ)考的是一種思維結(jié)構(gòu)模式，往往表現(xiàn)在在敘述時(shí)盡量對(duì)考題內(nèi)容先總后分，單刀直入，這也是西方人習(xí)慣的表達(dá)方式。由一句主題句引出觀點(diǎn)與中心，讓考官能夠清晰地得知敘述的主題，從而打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。如果在考題中出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，則應(yīng)該開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山地回答問(wèn)題，切入主題，闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)，從而為接下來(lái)的詳細(xì)敘述理清層次以及節(jié)約時(shí)間，如果有多余的時(shí)間，則可以再增添一句總結(jié)的話語(yǔ)，使敘述詳盡完整。
托?？谡Z(yǔ)是一個(gè)很乏味的過(guò)程，除了反復(fù)口語(yǔ)練習(xí)和多記單詞外沒(méi)有任何捷徑可走，只要考生有堅(jiān)持到底的信念，每天做足練習(xí)，不要輕言放棄。只有堅(jiān)持到最后，才能獲得成功。
6大原則讓你的托福口語(yǔ)流利到底
1. 運(yùn)用總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)
Your listeners will understand your talk better if you organize what you say in a logical sequence or linear pattern. This means that you tell the listeners what you are going to talk about and then go through the points you want to make. The most common pattern of organization is outlined below:
Introductory statement
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Concluding statement
An example of this pattern is shown below:
Breeding butterflies has many advantages for the collector.
1. way of obtaining specimens
2. spares can be released into the wild
3. helps survival because butterflies have been protected from natural predators
The experience is a learning experience for the collector and a benefit to the species.
2. 運(yùn)用連接詞
Connecting ideas by using transition words and phrases tells your listeners the relationship of one idea to the next. You can signal to your listener that you are going to put events in a sequence, add information, or make a comparison. You can signal that you want to emphasize or clarify a point. Using transition words and phrases helps your listener follow the flow of your ideas. Read the following example without transitional expressions:
In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. I understood those principles better by doing those experiments.
These sentences would flow better if the speaker used transitional expressions as in the following example:
In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. As a result, I understood those principles better.
3. 解釋或定義陌生概念
In order to help your listeners understand, you may need to define a term that you use in your response. Read the following example:
My hobby is telemark skiing.
If the speaker does not define the term and listeners do not know what telemark skiing is, they might not understand the rest of the passage. Sometimes listeners can guess the meaning through the context of the passage, but sometimes they cannot. Here is the definition this speaker gave of telemark skiing:
That means skiing using telemark skis.
Even though the speaker defined telemark skiing, listeners still may not understand what it means because the speaker defined the term with the same word. To effectively define a word, use a three-part definition:
1. State the word or phrase to be defined.
2. Give the category that the word or phrase fits into.
3. Tell how the word is different from other words that fit the same category.
Read this example of an effective definition:
Telemark is a type of alpine skiing in which the boots are connected to the skis only at
the toes, so traditional skiing techniques have to be modified.
4. 正確使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)
Your listener can understand the flow of your ideas better if you use parallel structures when you speak. Read the following incorrect example:
My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivating the students.
The listener may be confused because the speaker has mixed different grammatical structures. Does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting and motivating assignments to the students'? In this sentence, interesting and motivating are parallel adjectives. Or does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivated the students? In this sentence, gave and motivated are parallel verbs.
5. 對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換或同義轉(zhuǎn)換
When a speaker keeps repeating a word or phrase, listeners can get confused. Read the following example:
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. The assignment was on the chalkboard until the teacher erased the assignment after we had all done the assignment.
This speaker's ideas would be clearer if the repeated words were replaced with other expressions or with pronouns. Look at the way this example can be improved:
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. She erased the board after we had all completed the task.
The word assignment has been replaced with task; the word teacher with she; and the word chalkboard with board.
6. 時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)量的統(tǒng)一
Your listener can get confused if you are not consistent. Look at the following example:
My teacher brought five paper bags to school one day. He put us into groups and gave each group a bag. You have to take the objects out of the bags in turn and then a person has to tell a story involving the object from the bag.
The listener may get confused by the change from the past tense to the present tense, and the change from us to you and then to a person. The listener might also be confused by the change from the plural form objects and bags to the singular forms object and bag.
The listener could follow this speaker's ideas better if the speaker were consistent. Look at the way this example can be improved:
One day my teacher put us into five different groups. He gave each group a bag and told us to take turns pulling out an object and telling the other members of the group a story involving that object.
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