教你突破托福閱讀推理題
推理題是托福閱讀的一種題型，下面小編教你如何搞定它。
托福閱讀推理題如何解答
閱讀推理題一般可以分為三種：
1、一般對比推理：根據(jù)兩個事情的對比特征，問其中一個事物的特征，只要將與之形成對比的另外一個事情的特征否定掉就可以。
2、時間對比推理：也就是有兩個形成對比的時間段，它們所具有的特征一般相反。當(dāng)題干問一個時間段的特征時，只要將與之相反的時間段的特征否定掉就可以了。
3、集合概念推理：一個大的集合的兩個方面形成對比，兩者之間存在著互補性關(guān)系，也就是一個的增加意味著另一個的減少。反之，相同。這個比較抽象，我們來看一個例子：
例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involvedinnonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war，withsome of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation，manufacturing， and trade and distribution.
What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economyafterthe Civil War?
(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.
(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.
(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.
(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.
文中指出：非農(nóng)業(yè)人口的數(shù)量和比例都增加了。由此可知農(nóng)業(yè)人口的數(shù)量和比例下降，所以(B)為正確答案。
再看完以上的例子后，相信大家可以對推理題目有了大概的認識。建議大家可以在做托福閱讀時，對推理題多加留意，加以使用解題方法，看看能否幫助大家來應(yīng)對題目的完成。
托福閱讀：推理題例題解題方法
托福閱讀考試是托福考試當(dāng)中的第一個部分，托福閱讀題型包括詞匯題，指代題，句子簡化題，句子插入題，細節(jié)題，否定信息題，推理題，作者目的題，小結(jié)題和圖表填空題。
本期主要給大家介紹一下托福推理題以及它的解題方法。
托福閱讀題型：推理題例題解題方法：
. Inference questions 推理題
推理題的標(biāo)志是在題干中出現(xiàn)infer/imply/suggest/indicate/most likely 這樣的詞匯，它和細節(jié)題屬于同源題目，都需要定位并且根據(jù)文中信息來選擇答案。與細節(jié)題不同的是，推理題在找到原文中定位點之后考察的是學(xué)生對于文中信息的總結(jié)概括，或者反向推理的能力。我們來看一道例題，
It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke3 and blowhole4 cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like
○There were great numbers of them.
○They lived in the sea only.
○They did not leave many fossil remains.
首先我們來對題目的出題范圍進行定位，題干的blowhole可以作為定位詞匯，定位到原文的第四句話：“However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.”在這句話里交代了“unlike the casess of sea otters”，即與sea otters不一樣的是，whales的陳述是：it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.即，不容易看出第一頭鯨長什么樣子。而sea ottter是和鯨魚相反，所以選擇A選項，即不難看出第一頭sea otter長什么樣子。所以實際上，這種題目雖然叫做推理題，但是并不需要同學(xué)們在做題的時候推的過遠，基本考察的還是對原文信息概括和總結(jié)的能力。
托福閱讀題型之推理題的解題方法你了解了嗎?我相信這次舉例說明多多少少都能夠幫助到你。最后希望大家能夠好好的復(fù)習(xí)托福閱讀，做好新托?？荚嚠?dāng)中的第一部分。
托福閱讀推斷題總結(jié)
推論題(Inference)：文章中有些論點/觀點沒有明確闡述，但卻強烈暗示出來了。例如，文章論述的結(jié)果引出了，推論題就可能就造成結(jié)果的起因提問。如果文中有比較，推論題就可能問做比較的基礎(chǔ)是什么。如果文中有對某一新現(xiàn)象的明確闡述，推論題就可能要求推論舊現(xiàn)象的特征。推論題雖然是傳統(tǒng)題型，但難度很大，需要考生花大功夫準(zhǔn)備。
例題：Passage：…The nineteenth century brought with it a burst of new discoveries and inventions that revolutionized the candle industry and made lighting available to all. In the early-to-mid-nineteenth century， a process was developed to refine tallow (fat from animals) with alkali and sulfuric acid. The result was a product called stearin. Stearin is harder and burns longer than unrefined tallow. This breakthrough meant that it was possible to make tallow candles that would not produce the usual smoke and rancid odor. Stearins were also derived from palm oils， so vegetable waxes as well as animal fats could be used to make candles…
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about candles before the nineteenth century?
a)They did not smoke when they were burned.
b)They produced a pleasant odor as they burned.
c)They were not available to all.
d)They contained sulfuric acid.
正確答案是C.這一段的第一句就告訴我們：19世紀(jì)的一些新發(fā)明和發(fā)現(xiàn)也對蠟燭工業(yè)產(chǎn)生了一次巨大的革命，這次革命使得所有的人都使用上了照明。從這句話中我們可以得到兩層信息：19世紀(jì)蠟燭工業(yè)有了一次革命性的變化;在沒有這次變革之前，也就是在19世紀(jì)以前，照明并不是所有人都能使用的。因為作者在談?wù)摰氖窍灎T的變革，所以這里所說的“l(fā)ighting照明”一定是與蠟燭有關(guān)的照明，其實也就是告訴我們19世紀(jì)以前并不是所有人都能夠使用到蠟燭帶來的照明，這一推論出的信息正好與選項C吻合。
文章第一句同時也是一個時間的分水嶺，告訴我們19世紀(jì)蠟燭工業(yè)的變革是怎么樣的?！霸?9世紀(jì)早期到中期，蠟燭處理工藝使用alkali和sulfuric acid來提煉tallow，提煉后的產(chǎn)品就是stearin，stearin比未經(jīng)提煉的tallow堅硬而且燃燒得更久。這一巨大的變化意味著制造出不產(chǎn)生煙和rancid味道的蠟燭是可能的?！痹谶@里的一個關(guān)鍵詞是rancid，意思是(油脂食物，其味道、氣味)不新鮮的;腐臭的;正好與選項b的pleasant odor相反。19世紀(jì)前的蠟燭產(chǎn)生usual smoke(經(jīng)常有煙)，這與選項a相反。Sulfuric acid是19世紀(jì)用來處理fallow的材料，在19世紀(jì)以前是沒有使用的，這與選項d相反。
以上是新托福閱讀中推論題的全方位解析，考生們在備考托福閱讀時要養(yǎng)成“邊讀邊記”的習(xí)慣，會讓閱讀效率大大提高。最后小編祝大家考試順利!
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