關(guān)于英語(yǔ)里賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

　　賓語(yǔ)從句，是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)之后的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。同學(xué)們有沒(méi)有掌握呢?如果有不懂的要抓緊哦。接下來(lái)小編在這里給大家?guī)?lái)賓語(yǔ)從句的用法，我們一起來(lái)看看吧!

　　賓語(yǔ)從句用法

　　1概念

　　假如一個(gè)句子作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)的話，我們把這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。

　　賓語(yǔ)從句的完整結(jié)構(gòu)是“主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句”。

　　Eg: He said that he visit his teacher last year

　　2引導(dǎo)詞

　　通常引導(dǎo)陳述句的引導(dǎo)詞是“that”

　　引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句的引導(dǎo)詞是“if”和“whether”

　　引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句的引導(dǎo)詞則是眾多的特殊疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞, what who when 等。

　　Eg: He asked me if (whether) I was a teacher.

　　直接引語(yǔ)變成賓語(yǔ)從句

　　直接引語(yǔ)：直接引用別人說(shuō)的話

　　間接引語(yǔ)：轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)別人說(shuō)的話

　　直接引語(yǔ)變成賓語(yǔ)從句，如果冒號(hào)，引號(hào)里是陳述句形式，要用“that”引導(dǎo)，同時(shí)從句中的人稱，時(shí)態(tài)，指示代詞，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。

　　3人稱的變化：遵循一主二賓三不變

　　"一主"是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化。

　　如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go withher.

　　"二賓"是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱?；虮坏诙朔Q所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱。如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then

　　"三不變"是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。

　　如：Mr Smith said. "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker

　　4時(shí)態(tài)變化(從句的時(shí)態(tài)向前倒一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài))

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)——一般過(guò)去時(shí)

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)——現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)——過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　一般將來(lái)時(shí)——過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　過(guò)去完成時(shí)——過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　Eg: She said. "I have lost a pen."

　　→She said she had lost a pen現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　She said. "He will go to see his friend".

　　→She said he would go to see his friend一般將來(lái)時(shí)——過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

　　但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。

　　1.直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理。(地球圍著太陽(yáng)公轉(zhuǎn)，月亮影響潮汐)

　　"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.

　　→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

　　2.直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

　　Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John

　　where he was going when he met him in the street。

　　3.直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

　　Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21,1980。

　　4.直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

　　He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。

　　5.如果直接引語(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式(例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，(例：could, should, would, might)不再變。如：

　　Peter said. "You had better come here today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。

　　5狀語(yǔ)變化

　　直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由"現(xiàn)在"改為"原來(lái)"(例：now變?yōu)閠hen,yesterday變?yōu)?the day before，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語(yǔ)，由"此"改為"彼"(例：this 改為that),

　　如：He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his

　　this——that

　　these——those

　　now——then

　　today——that day

　　yesterday——the day before

　　yesterday morning——the morning before

　　the day before yesterday——two days before

　　tomorrow——the next/follow day

　　tomorrow evening——the next/follow evening

　　this week——that week

　　last week——the week before

　　here——there

　　come——go

　　bring——take

　　6變句型

　　1.直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：She said, "Our bus will

　　arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

　　2.直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.

　　"You have finished the homework, haven't you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

　　"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" he asked.→He asked me if I went to school by busor by bike.

　　3.直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序)。

　　She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.

　　Eg: I don't know whom you should depend on.

　　4.直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。

　　如："Don't make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not tomake any noise. "

　　Bring me a cup of tea, please," she said.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

　　5.直接引語(yǔ)如果是以"Let's"開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用"suggest "

　　如：He said, "Let's go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.

　　或: He suggested that they should go to see the film.

　　賓語(yǔ)從句的例句

　　一、十句賓語(yǔ)從句例句：

　　I think you are great.我認(rèn)為你很棒。

　　I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的。

　　I guess he is Jack.我猜他是杰克。

　　I know there is a supermarket near here.我知道附近有超市。

　　I wonder if there is a WC near here.我想知道附近有沒(méi)有廁所

　　I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道還會(huì)不會(huì)有公家車。

　　I don’t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你該依靠誰(shuí)。

　　The book will show you what the best CEOs know.這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么。

　　Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示給我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎?

　　Do you know who has won this game?你知道誰(shuí)贏了這一局游戲嗎?

　　二、十個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句例句：

　　He is the man who gave me money. 他是給我錢的那個(gè)人。

　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去忙。

　　Beijing is the place whereI was born.北京是我的出生地。

　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

　　His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

　　This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.這是我去年去過(guò)的山村。

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想見(jiàn)你的人嗎?

　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。

　　I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我想要一間開窗可見(jiàn)海的房間。

　　Have you got the postcard(which) I sent you?你收到我寄給你的明信片了嗎?

　　擴(kuò)展資料

　　復(fù)合句(Compound Sentence)分為并列復(fù)合句和主從或從屬?gòu)?fù)合句，并列復(fù)合句是有并列連詞：

　　and、or、but連接;從屬?gòu)?fù)合句由一個(gè)主句(Principal Clause)和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句

　　(Subordinate Clause)構(gòu)成。用疑問(wèn)詞作引導(dǎo)詞，主句是全句的主體，通?？梢元?dú)立存在;從句則是

　　一個(gè)句子成分，不能獨(dú)立存在。從句不能單獨(dú)成句，但它也有主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分，就像一個(gè)句子一

　　樣。所不同在于，從句須由一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞(conjunction)引導(dǎo)。 根據(jù)引導(dǎo)從句功能不同，大致可分

　　為：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句等。