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學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ) > 英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力 > 關(guān)于大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力Section C短文篇章提分技巧及答題步驟大解讀

關(guān)于大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力Section C短文篇章提分技巧及答題步驟大解讀

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關(guān)于大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力Section C短文篇章提分技巧及答題步驟大解讀

  今天我們就來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)關(guān)于英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力的那點(diǎn)事,我們都知道四級(jí)英語(yǔ)短文聽(tīng)力部分文章篇幅長(zhǎng)、信息量大、題材范圍廣、題型變化多、句子結(jié)構(gòu)更為復(fù)雜,有時(shí)會(huì)夾雜一些專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ),這些都增加了聽(tīng)力的難度。但如果我們注意分析,還是有規(guī)律,有技巧可循的。

  一、大??碱}型

  01細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題

  細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題在歷年四級(jí)短文聽(tīng)力中所占比例最大。它涉及面廣,題目的形式多種多樣,且多以wh-問(wèn)題為主(即who, what, when, where, why等),所提問(wèn)的內(nèi)容涉及人物、種類、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、年代、數(shù)字、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。

  根據(jù)題干及選項(xiàng)設(shè)置的不同,此類題型可分為普通類、關(guān)鍵詞類和詞義轉(zhuǎn)化類。需要注意的是,很多題有時(shí)是其中兩種或三種題型的綜合。

  (1) 普通類細(xì)節(jié)題

  此類題在問(wèn)題設(shè)置上是直接對(duì)原文中某一句子中包含的人物、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、年代、數(shù)字、原因、材料、方式等信息進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。

  (2) 關(guān)鍵詞類細(xì)節(jié)題

  此類題大體可分為以下兩種情況:

 ?、?在短文中會(huì)聽(tīng)到多次出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)詞語(yǔ)(一般是全篇文章討論的中心話題),而且在設(shè)置問(wèn)題時(shí)也是圍繞這幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞提問(wèn),因此聽(tīng)音時(shí)需要以此為線索找出答案。

 ?、?聽(tīng)短文時(shí)要按題干中的關(guān)鍵詞直接定位短文中相關(guān)的信息句,回答有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題。

  (3) 詞義轉(zhuǎn)化類細(xì)節(jié)題

  此類題在選項(xiàng)設(shè)置時(shí)將原文中部分詞語(yǔ)或詞組轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種說(shuō)法。

  常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式如下:

  Which of the following is TRUE?

  When was the first…probably made?

  Why did the speaker say…?

  02主旨大意題

  主旨大意題一般要求考生根據(jù)錄音信息歸納出短文的主題或中心思想等。主旨即短文的中心思想,它通常是以主題句的形式出現(xiàn)在短文中。準(zhǔn)確把握主題句是解答主旨題的關(guān)鍵。

  由于短文聽(tīng)力的篇幅較長(zhǎng),提供的信息較多,因此在聽(tīng)短文之前先看選項(xiàng)有助于加深對(duì)短文主題的理解,同時(shí)也可以幫助考生預(yù)測(cè)題目。

  常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式如下:

  What is this passage mainly talking about?

  What is the main idea/the topic of the passage?

  Which of the following/What is the best title of the passage?

  Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea?

  What does the speaker talk about?

  03綜合推斷題

  綜合推斷題是短文聽(tīng)力試題中最難的一種試題類型,因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)內(nèi)容所表達(dá)的不是文章的字面意思,而是其內(nèi)在含義,既有可能針對(duì)全文,也有可能針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié);而且此類題目在試題中所占的比例很大,平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)多加注意。

  該類題目要求考生依據(jù)短文提供的已知信息做出合理的推測(cè)和正確的判斷。其中,有的干擾選項(xiàng)迷惑性強(qiáng),似是而非,這就要求考生根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度、用詞以及上下文語(yǔ)境,按照常識(shí)和正確的邏輯推理來(lái)判斷文章中隱含的內(nèi)容。

  常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式如下:

  What conclusion can you get from the passage?

  What does the passage mainly suggest?

  What does the passage imply?

  What can we learn from the passage?

  What can/cannot be inferred from the passage?

  Which of the following is implied/NOT implied in the passage?

  04觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

  觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題實(shí)際上屬于綜合判斷題,通常此類問(wèn)題的答案無(wú)法從文中直接得出,需要考生綜合所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容,并結(jié)合一定的邏輯推理來(lái)推測(cè)其觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。

  常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式如下:

  What is the speaker’s attitude towards/to…?

  What does the speaker think of…?

  What is the speaker’s opinion about/impression of…?

  What is the tone of the passage?

  二、大設(shè)題點(diǎn)

  01篇首處???/p>

  篇首出題已經(jīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)多次了,這種出題方式比較容易掌握,通常是開(kāi)篇點(diǎn)到文章討論的話題時(shí)即出現(xiàn)第一個(gè)問(wèn)題。這類試題往往可以由關(guān)鍵詞判斷答案。

  02篇尾處???/p>

  篇尾出題相對(duì)比較難,因?yàn)橛忠?tīng)錄音,又要看選項(xiàng),同時(shí)還要做出預(yù)測(cè)和選擇,好像沒(méi)余下什么時(shí)間用來(lái)判斷文章何時(shí)結(jié)束。但是,篇尾出題還是有規(guī)律可循的。篇尾題常為細(xì)節(jié)題或者推論題,特別要注意做出某種結(jié)論的地方。

  03表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系以及強(qiáng)調(diào)處???/p>

  若文中出現(xiàn)下列詞語(yǔ),則要注意: 如not only…but also, because, so, since, but, however, the only 等。

  例1: What shouldn’t be too surprising according to the speaker?

  A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods. C) Customers competing for good bargains.

  B) Sales assistants following customers around. D) Customers losing all sense of time.

  原文: Supermarkets have made selling such a fine art that their customers often lose all sense of time. When interviewed, customers normally guess they’ve only spent half an hour in the supermarket even when they have been there for over 45 minutes. But that shouldn’t be too surprising. Any really profitable supermarket knows that it should keep its clocks well hidden.

  答案: D)。短文提到了一次調(diào)查,接受調(diào)查的顧客中,很多已經(jīng)在超市里待了45分鐘的人感覺(jué)自己僅待了半個(gè)小時(shí),因此,調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)顧客在超市時(shí)沒(méi)有了時(shí)間感,而這一現(xiàn)象并不奇怪,故答案為D)。

  04表示類比和舉例處???/p>

  若文中出現(xiàn)以下詞語(yǔ),一定要多加注意: 如for example, for instance, firstly, secondly, thirdly, the first, the second, first, next等。

  例2: What does the speaker say about Trent Maguire, a thirteen-year-old boy?

  A) He always boasts about his rich father. C) He has too much to know the value of things.

  B) He will grow up to be good for nothing. D) He is too young to manage his inherited property.

  原文: When every dream can come true, kids don’t learn the value of anything because they have everything. A thirteen-year-old boy, Trent Maguire, has a driver, credit cards and unlimited cash to do what he wants when he wants to. “One day, I’ll earn more than my dad!” he boasts.

  答案: C)。短文提到,當(dāng)每個(gè)夢(mèng)想都實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí),孩子們不會(huì)知道任何事物的價(jià)值,因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)擁有了一切。13歲的特倫·馬奎爾有司機(jī)、信用卡以及無(wú)限量的現(xiàn)金,他可以想干什么就干什么。由此可知,他擁有太多,所以不知道事物的價(jià)值,故答案為C)。

  05年份、年齡、價(jià)錢(qián)、時(shí)間等數(shù)字處???/p>

  例3: What is the speaker complaining about?

  A) The lack of time. C) The frustrations at work.

  B) The quality of life. D) The pressure on working families.

  原文: This is hardly a lonesome complaint, according to the families and work institutes, national study of the changing work force, 55% of the employees say they don’t have enough time for themselves, 63% don’t have enough time for their spouses or partners, and 67% don’t have enough time for their children.

  答案: A)。短文提到,55%的員工說(shuō)他們沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間供自己支配,63%的員工說(shuō)他們沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間陪伴自己的配偶或情侶,67%的員工說(shuō)他們沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間陪伴自己的孩子。由此可知,在抱怨的是沒(méi)有時(shí)間,故A)為答案。

  06形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)處???/p>

  例4: Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?

  A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.

  B) They concern a small number of people only.

  C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.

  D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.

  原文: Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there’s only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition, not all the competing companies in that industry can seriously plan to be the best.

  答案: B)。短文提到,團(tuán)隊(duì)精神比金錢(qián)更能激發(fā)員工的工作熱情,因?yàn)榻疱X(qián)利益必然只會(huì)與個(gè)別人相關(guān)。因此,答案為B)。

  三、大解題步驟

  01瀏覽選項(xiàng),預(yù)測(cè)試題題型

  在聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的過(guò)程中,每?jī)蓚€(gè)問(wèn)題之間都會(huì)有15秒鐘的間隔;在每個(gè)部分的開(kāi)頭還有長(zhǎng)達(dá)1—2分鐘的Directions??忌梢猿浞掷眠@些時(shí)間瀏覽試卷上的各個(gè)選項(xiàng)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),當(dāng)你把三到四個(gè)問(wèn)題的十來(lái)個(gè)選項(xiàng)瀏覽完之后,就能大概猜測(cè)到這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容,瀏覽的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該放在那些重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞或短語(yǔ)上。另外,瀏覽各個(gè)選項(xiàng)也可以預(yù)測(cè)可能要問(wèn)的問(wèn)題。通過(guò)縱向和橫向的比較,就能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)一些解題的重要信息,選項(xiàng)中的否定詞、轉(zhuǎn)折詞、重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞都可以提示問(wèn)題的類型。

  例5:

  A) How being an identical twin influences one’s identity.

  B) Why some identical twins keep their identities secret.

  C) Why some identical twins were separated from birth.

  D) How identical twins are born, raised and educated.

  瀏覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng),均提到identical twin,且分別以how和why開(kāi)頭,可以推測(cè)本題考查的內(nèi)容和雙胞胎的身份認(rèn)同及生活經(jīng)歷相關(guān)。

  原文: Scientists understand how twins are born. Now though, they are trying to explain how being half a biological pair influences a twin’s identity. They want to know why many identical twins make similar choices even when they don’t live near each other.

  Q: What are scientists trying to explain according to the passage?

  答案: A)。短文中指出,科學(xué)家已經(jīng)弄明白雙胞胎是如何形成的,他們現(xiàn)在正在研究的是雙胞胎中的一方如何影響另一方,故答案為A)。

  02做簡(jiǎn)要記錄,記錄事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)

  由于短文比較長(zhǎng)、信息量比較大,特別是細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題比較多,例如,數(shù)字、時(shí)間、人名、地名、出生日期、事件年份、情感以及故事中人物的話語(yǔ)等。如果僅憑腦子來(lái)記憶,容易產(chǎn)生混淆,出現(xiàn)張冠李戴的情況。這時(shí)就需要邊聽(tīng)邊做一些簡(jiǎn)明的筆記,不僅要記錄這些數(shù)據(jù),而且還要記下與之相關(guān)的信息。這樣做便于將它們一一歸類,在做選擇題的時(shí)候,就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)胡亂猜測(cè)的情形。有時(shí),選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)同一范疇內(nèi)的幾個(gè)短語(yǔ),這些短語(yǔ)可能會(huì)涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、數(shù)據(jù)等。這時(shí)也需要考生從筆記中確定答案。

  03抓住文章主題句,快速了解文章主旨

  在聽(tīng)短文的過(guò)程中,要盡快抓住每篇文章的主題句,因?yàn)檫@些主題句概括了短文的主要內(nèi)容和中心思想,這樣就比較容易聽(tīng)懂短文了,而且有時(shí)后面的考題就是對(duì)這篇短文中心思想的提問(wèn)。主題句(topic sentence)一般出現(xiàn)在一段話的開(kāi)頭或者結(jié)尾,它們對(duì)整篇文章起到了概括或總結(jié)的作用,同時(shí)這些主題句也是文章的中心論點(diǎn)或者是說(shuō)話人對(duì)所談內(nèi)容的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。主題句后面的句子通常闡述具體的情節(jié),說(shuō)明或證實(shí)主題。

  例6: What is the presentation mainly about?

  A) Advice on the purchase of cars.

  B) Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.

  C) Trends for the development of the motor car.

  D) Solutions to global fuel shortage.

  原文: Thank you for coming everyone. Today’s presentation will show how we see the development of the motor car in the short to medium term, and that is why we have invited all of you here today.

  答案: C)。文章開(kāi)頭就提到了陳述的內(nèi)容,即我們?nèi)绾慰创囋诙讨衅诘陌l(fā)展情況。換句話說(shuō),談?wù)摰闹黝}是汽車的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),故答案為C)。

  04確定關(guān)鍵詞句,把握文章發(fā)展脈絡(luò)

  一般來(lái)說(shuō),一篇短文都是由幾個(gè)部分組成,而每一部分都是由幾個(gè)句子組成。如何使它們成為一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體?常用的一些連接手法能夠起到這樣的作用,諸如表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折或因果的連詞就是常用的連接手法。

  常用的連接詞有:and, also, but, though, furthermore, in addition, for example, however, in spite of, because, therefore, first, second, last等。

  另外,文章在內(nèi)容上的轉(zhuǎn)折有時(shí)是通過(guò)每一部分的中心句而承上啟下的,以使文章達(dá)到渾然一體的效果,要注意這些句子在處理上下文邏輯關(guān)系時(shí)的紐帶作用。如果在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中能夠準(zhǔn)確地把握連接詞,或者把握每一部分的中心句,就能夠?qū)θ挠斜容^完整的理解,進(jìn)而能夠有效地預(yù)測(cè)短文的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。

  05聽(tīng)清問(wèn)題,選擇答案

  考生在看過(guò)選項(xiàng)和聽(tīng)完短文以后往往會(huì)對(duì)將要問(wèn)的問(wèn)題有所預(yù)感,但如果僅憑預(yù)感而忽視了提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題,很可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)答非所問(wèn)的情況。所以,考生一定要聽(tīng)清楚問(wèn)題是什么,同時(shí)和你的預(yù)感進(jìn)行對(duì)比,如果完全一致,那恭喜你,你答對(duì)的概率已經(jīng)非常高了!但如果不一致,一定要針對(duì)問(wèn)題去判斷,而不要僅憑主觀感覺(jué),這是解題的關(guān)鍵。


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