雅思聽(tīng)力詞匯講解：And
雅思聽(tīng)力考試中除了一些大家不熟悉的單詞外，大部分都是日常經(jīng)常用到的單詞。And就是我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候最先學(xué)到的單詞之一。為了方便同學(xué)們更好地進(jìn)行雅思備考，小編 為大家準(zhǔn)備了雅思聽(tīng)力詞匯講解：And，正在雅思備考的你可千萬(wàn)別錯(cuò)過(guò)以下內(nèi)容哦。
雅思聽(tīng)力詞匯講解：And
And重要性---并列和順接
And主要是表并列和順接關(guān)系。這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)廣泛用于各種英語(yǔ)的句子中。
如：并列，... However, after the axe had been chipped into shape, they needed water and sand for grinding and polishing ...
順接，... You pay a ?250 joining fee and then it's ?450 ...
兩個(gè)意思之間的連接必須用and;句子之間的順接也可以用and;某些表示條件、結(jié)果甚至是某些因果都可以用and。
And重要性---同義互換
雅思最重要的一個(gè)現(xiàn)象就是同意互換(paraphrase)，尤其在聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中，為了增加難度許多詞語(yǔ)并不會(huì)出現(xiàn)原詞。那么我們來(lái)看看and會(huì)如何做同意互換呢。
1. It is possible to hire _______ and _______.
Audio Scripts: And you can hire laptops ... as well as printers ...
2. Cardboard, coloured pens and a _______.
Audio Scripts: ... and coloured each one in using different colours, then you thread a piece of string ... So we'd need some string as well.
當(dāng)然and還可以轉(zhuǎn)換為together with, not only ... but also ...等等，但是無(wú)論怎么互換最后換到的詞語(yǔ)都比and復(fù)雜，這個(gè)實(shí)際上變相的降低了聽(tīng)力的難度，因此在許多情況下，當(dāng)試卷上出現(xiàn)and時(shí)，在聽(tīng)力中并不會(huì)做互換。換句話說(shuō)，如果在試卷上看到了and，并且要填寫的答案在and周圍的話，我們就可以刻意去聽(tīng)and，這樣答案也就出來(lái)了。
E.G.: Float dropped into ocean and _______by satellite.
Audio Scripts: Each of the floats is dropped in the ocean ... and activated from a satellite.
通過(guò)這個(gè)題目我們可以注意到，我們?cè)谔顚?duì)這個(gè)答案的時(shí)候幾乎都可以不用知道float, satellite甚至是答案activated的意思，只需要將and后面的動(dòng)詞寫下來(lái)就可以了。這個(gè)大大增加了and這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的重要性。
E.G.: Swimming aids: fins and ______.
Audio Scripts: ... sharks are very quick swimmers. This is made possible by their fins, one set at the side ..., and the tail also help the shark move forward quickly.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在fins的后面加了一句解釋的話，在聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致聽(tīng)漏，但是后面出現(xiàn)的and就是非常好的而定位點(diǎn)。
And聽(tīng)力難點(diǎn)--- 語(yǔ)音
那么既然and這么重要，在我們聽(tīng)力中會(huì)有什么問(wèn)題呢?首先，提醒考生們要注意，and這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)本身并不是說(shuō)話的重點(diǎn)，因此在說(shuō)話的過(guò)程中，這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)并不會(huì)完全讀成/?nd/而會(huì)弱化成/?nd/;其次，由于and是爆破音/d/結(jié)尾，當(dāng)后面的單詞由輔音開(kāi)頭的時(shí)候還會(huì)繼續(xù)爆破，此時(shí)and僅僅讀作/?n/;再次and是元音開(kāi)頭，若前面一個(gè)單詞是輔音結(jié)尾，還會(huì)產(chǎn)生連讀，更加增加了這個(gè)詞被聽(tīng)出來(lái)的情況。
E.G.: Highlights: music and ______.
Audio Scripts: ... but the best part is the music and lighting.
這邊的and弱化了，但是還是能聽(tīng)出在music后面有一個(gè)/n/。
E.G.: ... because it had water, raw materials and fuels such as ______ and ______.
Audio Scripts: The water and the availability of raw materials ... and also the abundance of local fuels, like coal and firewood, ...
此題可以通過(guò)fuels來(lái)定位，同時(shí)like和such as做同義詞互換，也就是正確答案就是后面的并列關(guān)系的名詞，但是此題的難點(diǎn)就是coal and firewood被讀作/k?ul?n fаi?wud/，這樣就導(dǎo)致無(wú)法聽(tīng)出正確答案了。
And聽(tīng)力難點(diǎn)---速記
當(dāng)and連接的2個(gè)詞語(yǔ)都要寫出來(lái)的時(shí)候，不僅語(yǔ)音上面有難度，在速記上的要求也提高了。
E.G.: Site One: Problems with _______ and _______.
Audio Scripts: Site One was unpopular because of traffic and parking problems.
New technology allowed the production of goods made of ______ and ______.
Audio Scripts: The technology they introduced meant that metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time.
這兩個(gè)例子都能看出來(lái)通過(guò)and定位很容易能找到答案，但是需要寫的兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)比較快，而且由于and的弱化，以及句子中的倒置，更加增加了填寫的難度。
注意事項(xiàng)
雖然and本身讀音為/?nd/，在句子中弱化的讀音卻是/?n/不會(huì)由于爆破而讀成/?n/，因此我們?cè)诼?tīng)力過(guò)程中不要聽(tīng)錯(cuò)。
E.G. Video Presentation: Go to _______
Audio Script: ... Now, after the break we'll be moving a different location for a video presentation ... and there you will be shown a video ... called Safety at Work.
此題的答案是Safety at Work這個(gè)地方讀作/seifti ? w?:k/。這邊的答案一定要注意不是safety and work/seifti ?n w?:k/，雖然兩個(gè)讀音極像。
在雅思聽(tīng)力考試中，大部分在試卷上出現(xiàn)的and都會(huì)在文字答案中讀出，尤其是需要填寫的是兩個(gè)答案是由and連接的時(shí)候。但是由于and本身的原因，在聽(tīng)力中較難聽(tīng)到，因此建議考生們?cè)诰毩?xí)中需重點(diǎn)注意and的弱讀，以及當(dāng)and和別的詞匯連讀時(shí)產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題。
雅思聽(tīng)力中的難點(diǎn)填空詞匯-社會(huì)事件場(chǎng)景
社會(huì)事件場(chǎng)景
Listening situation: social events (section 2)
雅思聽(tīng)力section 2 中經(jīng)常會(huì)考到一些社會(huì)事件，比如說(shuō)會(huì)議、展覽、節(jié)日等。參加這些社會(huì)活動(dòng)就需要通過(guò)網(wǎng)站、單頁(yè)、通知版、廣告等來(lái)了解活動(dòng)的信息、日程安排、主題等詳細(xì)信息。一些大型會(huì)議和活動(dòng)學(xué)生是可以選擇參加的，而且還提供住宿和餐飲，一切都只需要在注冊(cè)的時(shí)候聲明并且繳納相應(yīng)的費(fèi)用即可。
Events: convention, exhibition, conference, festival, exposition
Examples: art exhibition, business conference, summer music festival, drama festival, travel exposition, world expo, cartoon exhibition, flower exhibition, auto show
Publicity: website/internet, leaflets, flyers, notice board, posters, advertisements, good for a family, children, adult, senior citizens
Transportation: bus, taxi, cab, subway, tube, coach, parking problems
Agenda: dates, timetable
Focus/theme: music/live music, art, ballet, clothes, drama, food, business, demonstration, comics, flower arrangement, biscuits
Celebration: parade, dance, chorus, music band
Catering: café, restaurant, pub, cafeteria, canteen, refectory, dining room, refreshments, snacks, takeout, takeaway, set lunch, barbecue
Security: security entrance, security office, security personnel/staff, fire exit, lockers, Check ID, video surveillance, cameras, crowded, children easily get lost
雅思聽(tīng)力中的難點(diǎn)填空詞匯-環(huán)境場(chǎng)景
環(huán)境場(chǎng)景
Listening situation: environment (section 2/4)
這類單詞肯定是大家感覺(jué)到比較專業(yè)和難于掌握的，并不是需要學(xué)員們?nèi)坑洃浵聛?lái)，但起碼要做到對(duì)發(fā)音和中文意思比較敏感，這樣才會(huì)對(duì)全文的聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容有一個(gè)較好的把握。否則就好像是聽(tīng)到了科普類文章一樣，茫然不知所措，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致完全放棄。
Atmosphere: oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, sulphur monoxide
Pollution: air pollution, acid rain, contaminated water, pollutant, contaminant, chemicals, toxic waste
Geographical: soil erosion, desertification, drought, floods, overfishing, over-felling, deforestation
Energy: fossil fuels, coal, gas, petroleum, solar, tide, wind power, nuclear, marsh gas, methane, biogas
Recycling: plastic, paper, glass, bottle tops, ink cartridges, spare parts/components
雅思聽(tīng)力中的難點(diǎn)填空詞匯-售后修護(hù)場(chǎng)景
售后修護(hù)場(chǎng)景
Listening situation: repair (section 1)
這個(gè)場(chǎng)景主要是購(gòu)物或者租房子后發(fā)現(xiàn)有一些這樣那樣的問(wèn)題，物體的型號(hào)、主要的問(wèn)題、需要什么時(shí)間來(lái)修理、有沒(méi)有質(zhì)保、替換還是退款等都會(huì)是很重要的考點(diǎn)。雅思聽(tīng)力還是非常實(shí)用的，能讓我們提前預(yù)習(xí)到在國(guó)外會(huì)碰到的場(chǎng)景，幫我們了解外國(guó)人處理一些事情的流程和規(guī)則。
What to repair: fridge, refrigerator, washing machine, CD player, electric light, clock, bungalow, cooker, rice cooker, printer (shelf)
Model type/number
Main problem: leaking, door broken, flashing, hands broken, noisy, fan broken, steam escaping
When to repair: immediately, straight away, right now, urgent, next week, weekdays, weekends, in a couple of weeks, mornings, afternoons (am pm)
Quality warranty: expiry date, quality guaranteed for two years
Compensation: refund, replacement
Payment: cash, cheque, credit card, bank transfer
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