四個(gè)秘訣教你攻略托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題
托福聽(tīng)力題常見(jiàn)題型之一——細(xì)節(jié)題讓很多考生頭疼,學(xué)習(xí)啦為大家以TPO30為例精析細(xì)節(jié)題。
四個(gè)秘訣教你攻略托福聽(tīng)力細(xì)節(jié)題
一、長(zhǎng)什么樣?
Conversation:
C1Q5 For what activity does the student consider requesting funding?
Lecture:
1.L1 Q3 in the dolphin study, how did the researcher make the dolphin's task increasingly difficult?
2.L1Q4 According to the professor, what objections did some researchers raise with regard to the dolphin study?
二、所占比重
Conversation1-2道
lecture當(dāng)中2-3道
總共占所有題目中的50%以上
三、考點(diǎn)
篇章中的各種重要細(xì)節(jié)
四、難點(diǎn)
1.不知道哪里是重點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)
2.很容易忽略各種細(xì)節(jié)
3.聽(tīng)過(guò)就忘記了
五、解題思路:拼命定位及記憶重點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)
六、解題方法:
1.盡量篩選出所有出現(xiàn)在邏輯后面的細(xì)節(jié):并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、舉例、解釋
2.比較關(guān)系有可能會(huì)是考點(diǎn)
3.教授強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn),如interesting、 don't forget幾乎都是考點(diǎn)
4.利用好筆記,通過(guò)各種邏輯符號(hào)幫助做題時(shí)回憶起重要細(xì)節(jié)
七、例子:
1.For what activity does the student consider requesting funding?
A.designing a club web site
B.reserving audio-visual equipment
C.Sponsoring a guest speaker
D.setting up a campus e-mail account
原文回顧:
Emplyee:And you could be eligible for funding for club event.
Students:Well, we are definitely interested in hiring a professional speaker at one of our campus events at some point in the semester. And speakers almost always charge a fee.因此這道題的答案是C。
2.L1 Q3 in the dolphin study, how did the researcher make the dolphin's task increasingly difficult?
A.by showing the dolphin two patterns that were similar in density
B.by playing two sounds that became progressively closer in pitch
C.by producing sounds that were just within the dolphins' range of hearing
D.by introducing a third paddle that ended on trial an began a new one
原文回顧:
…The task varied in difficulty according to the pitch of the second tone. The closer it came in pitch to the first one, the harder it became for the dolphin to correctly identify it as low.…因此,這道題的答案是B。
3.L1Q4 According to the professor, what objections did some researchers raise with regard to the dolphin study?
A.the study did not distinguish between learned and higher-level responses
B.the dolphin was not rewarded consistently for pressing the third paddle
C.Only one dolphin was used in the experiment
D.The results could not be replicated in a later study
原文回顧:The researcher took that as an indication that the animal wanted to pass because it didn't know the answer and knew it didn't know. But there was a problem. Other researchers protested that the... the opt-out response was simply a learned or conditioned response.
因此,這道題的答案是A。
托福聽(tīng)力常見(jiàn)題型及解題策略
1. 目的題
解題關(guān)鍵:聽(tīng)好寒暄之后的第一句話,直接表明目的;
總結(jié)常引導(dǎo)出目的的句型:I was wondering if you could…/ I would like to do…./ Do you happen to have sth?…
2. 主題題
復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn):直接說(shuō),主題句,選項(xiàng)信號(hào)詞,干擾選項(xiàng)分析。
主要難點(diǎn):如果開(kāi)頭沒(méi)有主題句,則需要總結(jié)全篇內(nèi)容,注意:全篇重復(fù)的詞匯、概念;結(jié)尾段的總結(jié)性?xún)?nèi)容。
引出方式:主題句直接引出(最常見(jiàn));問(wèn)答式提出(較常見(jiàn));全篇大意推導(dǎo)(較少,要抓重復(fù)概念)
聽(tīng)好開(kāi)頭,抓典型主題句:Today, we are going to talk about…/ I’d like to begin my lecture by introducing./ Let’s focus on…/ Let’s now take a look at..
Topic選項(xiàng)典型結(jié)構(gòu):the + 信號(hào)詞+of + sth.
總結(jié)聽(tīng)力原文中句型;分析比較選項(xiàng):找正確選項(xiàng)里的敏感詞匯;分析錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)屬于哪一類(lèi)(too general/too specific/inaccurate/irrelevant)
3. 重聽(tīng)回答類(lèi)型題:
復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn):提問(wèn)說(shuō)話原因,說(shuō)話人態(tài)度;對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的分功能總結(jié),滿(mǎn)意度/難易度判斷,升降調(diào)的把握。
主要難點(diǎn):可能會(huì)涉及少量習(xí)語(yǔ),注意把握態(tài)度/傾向性的短語(yǔ)歸類(lèi)總結(jié)。
a) 說(shuō)話目的:注意總結(jié)老師/學(xué)生常用套話;Delta教程P235 第5項(xiàng)(易出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中的結(jié)構(gòu))
b) 說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度:總結(jié)表達(dá)肯定/否定/不確定等的語(yǔ)氣詞/短語(yǔ);總結(jié)選項(xiàng)中常出現(xiàn)的表情緒的用詞
教授常用套話的7大功能:
解釋說(shuō)明Simply put, Let’s put in this way..
總結(jié)歸納 Now to sum/wrap up my speech
勸戒指令 You should have done sth better
啟發(fā)思考 come on, you are supposed to know this
強(qiáng)調(diào)要點(diǎn) Please bear in mind that
提醒注意 Are you with me?
糾正口誤 Wait a minute, I made a slip of tongue/ Sorry did I say…
選項(xiàng)中表情緒/態(tài)度的用詞:doubtful/skeptical/incredulous; disturbed/annoyed; indifferent; enthusiastic/fascinated/interested; uncertain; angry/upset/disappointed ?
4. 表格題
難度排序由難到易:是非型>排序型>配對(duì)型;頻率排列由多到少:配對(duì)型>是非型>排序型
主要難點(diǎn):是非型表格題中沒(méi)有記全主要信息,注意多分析做過(guò)的題中選No的選項(xiàng)。
1). 配對(duì)型表格題:重要信息對(duì)號(hào)入座,側(cè)重于考察多個(gè)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件的對(duì)應(yīng)/段落中主要論點(diǎn)下的各分支及各分支定義/主要特點(diǎn)
2). 是非型表格題:側(cè)重于考察哪些信息提到/沒(méi)提到(注意記錄文中列舉的主要觀點(diǎn)/舉例)
是非型表格題選No的選項(xiàng)要著重分析其特征
1. 使用相反信息(最常見(jiàn))
2. 偷換概念(較常見(jiàn))
3. 使用段中細(xì)節(jié),但該細(xì)節(jié)并不能對(duì)應(yīng)提到的事件(較常見(jiàn))
4. 使用未提到的信息(相對(duì)少)
3). 排序型表格題:側(cè)重于考察對(duì)過(guò)程/步驟地把握(注意提示詞:first, then last, finally)
5. 細(xì)節(jié)題/雙項(xiàng)選擇題
復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn):最重要的特征,多個(gè)原因/結(jié)果,舉例引導(dǎo)詞(如:such as, including, like, namely, to name a few)
主要難點(diǎn):1. 兩個(gè)原因,段落前后各一個(gè),遙相呼應(yīng),注意: the first, the other
2. 連續(xù)列舉多個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)時(shí),抓住被修飾的詞
6. 態(tài)度題
復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn):語(yǔ)氣把握,Yes/No判斷,需要引申
主要難點(diǎn):同樣可能出現(xiàn)少量習(xí)語(yǔ)/語(yǔ)氣詞,憑直覺(jué)判斷(單個(gè)形容詞來(lái)表示某種行為的評(píng)價(jià),注意對(duì)單個(gè)詞的總結(jié),可出重聽(tīng)回答題。)
7. 結(jié)論題
復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn):觀點(diǎn)引導(dǎo)詞,尾段引申,注意進(jìn)度條
主要難點(diǎn):如果尾段沒(méi)有再次總結(jié)前面的內(nèi)容,回憶重復(fù)比較多的詞
8. 圖片題(很少)
托福聽(tīng)力需注意三個(gè)方面的強(qiáng)調(diào)
第一調(diào):重音強(qiáng)調(diào):
聽(tīng)段子時(shí),我們作為聽(tīng)者,都會(huì)下意識(shí)地注意聽(tīng)那些“讀音很重的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)”。因?yàn)樗鼈僩ot our attention(抓住了我們的注意力),這就是ETS本能強(qiáng)調(diào)的突出體現(xiàn),所以重音所在必為考點(diǎn)所在。
第二調(diào):停頓強(qiáng)調(diào):
一個(gè)段子讀得好好的,突然一個(gè)停頓,過(guò)了一兩秒種后才恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。這種嘎然而止的現(xiàn)象特別能引起我們考生的注意。同樣也達(dá)到了ETS get attention的目的,成為本能強(qiáng)調(diào)的又一突出體現(xiàn)。所以停頓所在必為新托福聽(tīng)力考點(diǎn)所在。
第三調(diào):清晰強(qiáng)調(diào):
該強(qiáng)調(diào)方式最具隱蔽性。因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)考生有一種奇怪的想法:認(rèn)為容易聽(tīng)清聽(tīng)懂的地方不會(huì)考,最會(huì)考的是那些生僻難懂之處。所以不惜花大量時(shí)間和精力去分析、猜測(cè)難點(diǎn)含義,卻忽略以致放棄已經(jīng)聽(tīng)懂的地方。
不要忘記新托福聽(tīng)力考試是第二語(yǔ)言測(cè)試,不會(huì)“沒(méi)有人性”到“專(zhuān)考生僻所在”。所以應(yīng)引起我們充分重視的還是那些讀得清晰的易懂之處。切記:清晰之處一樣是考點(diǎn)所在。
六M學(xué)習(xí)法則幫你搞定托福聽(tīng)力
如何通過(guò)自學(xué)提高TOFEL聽(tīng)力水平,一直都是中國(guó)考生最為關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。我給大家的建議是:一味多聽(tīng)卻不動(dòng)腦筋,是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)。聽(tīng)力水平不僅與聽(tīng)力技巧和熟練程度有關(guān),更是與聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)、譯等方面的綜合能力,以及對(duì)國(guó)外文化背景的了解程度密切相關(guān)。因此,提高聽(tīng)力水平的過(guò)程是一個(gè)不斷豐富知識(shí)、發(fā)展技巧并同時(shí)鍛煉分析、理解、推斷能力的綜合性訓(xùn)練過(guò)程。這里,我向讀者朋友推薦一種提高聽(tīng)力的好方法:“6M學(xué)習(xí)法”。
第一步:Maintain your composure and your confidence(保持冷靜和自信)。要想徹底聽(tīng)懂TOFEL聽(tīng)力的內(nèi)容,或與老外進(jìn)行無(wú)障礙交流,首先要對(duì)自己有信心,千萬(wàn)不要因?yàn)闆](méi)聽(tīng)懂一兩個(gè)單詞而慌了手腳。良好的心理素質(zhì)對(duì)提高聽(tīng)力能力相當(dāng)關(guān)鍵。
第二步:Make pictures and images(學(xué)會(huì)形象化記憶)。聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中要學(xué)會(huì)把抽象的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)變成形象的圖畫(huà),并反映在腦海之中。有了動(dòng)態(tài)圖像的幫助,才有利于抓住語(yǔ)言的主要信息而非旁支末節(jié)。
第三步:Model everything(善于模仿)。不要盲目追求題海戰(zhàn)術(shù),不斷地找新題目來(lái)練,而應(yīng)該把注意力放在聽(tīng)過(guò)的題目上,進(jìn)一步分析、研究,并認(rèn)真模仿聽(tīng)力題目中的各種語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、語(yǔ)氣、習(xí)語(yǔ)、俚語(yǔ)等。
第四步:Magnify the meaning and usage of the words and patterns(掌握多義詞)??谡Z(yǔ)的最大特點(diǎn)是一詞多義,這也是導(dǎo)致一些考生明明聽(tīng)出了是哪個(gè)詞,卻仍然搞不懂其在題目中確切含義的重要原因。因此,在平時(shí)練習(xí)中要注意掌握聽(tīng)力題目中常用詞匯和句式的其他用法。
第五步:Mine the cultural background and the way of English thinking behind the language(了解美國(guó)文化背景和思維方式)。語(yǔ)言是文化和思維的載體,努力挖掘聽(tīng)力題目中的美國(guó)文化背景和思維模式,就能在聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)。
第六步:Memorize them(不斷記憶)。TOFEL聽(tīng)力題中一些語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的重現(xiàn)率很高,考生需要將他們加以背誦和記憶。背的越多,就意味著熟悉度越高,同時(shí)也培養(yǎng)了良好的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感。”
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