聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練的規(guī)律性
聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練有什么原則呢?接下來(lái)，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練的規(guī)律性,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練的規(guī)律性
三個(gè)原則是：有恒，即持之以恒;有序，循序漸進(jìn);有量，要有一定數(shù)量的聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練。
四個(gè)字：3、6、9。什么是3?就是最好每次堅(jiān)持進(jìn)行至少30分鐘的聽(tīng)力練習(xí)。6呢，一個(gè)星期，即進(jìn)行至少6次的聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練(其中五天內(nèi)在校完成，一次在家完成)。9是一個(gè)層次的聽(tīng)力練習(xí)，至少要聽(tīng)夠90篇以上的數(shù)量，如果條件許可，還可以在此基礎(chǔ)上加大訓(xùn)練量。
"有恒"的道理，就不用說(shuō)了。任何學(xué)問(wèn)的取得，都離不開(kāi)這個(gè)道理。沒(méi)有恒心，想成就一番事業(yè)是不可能的。其實(shí)，我們國(guó)家很多學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人何其多也，但真正學(xué)成的，比例很有限，為什么呢?除了學(xué)習(xí)方法、天份等因素外，主要是沒(méi)有堅(jiān)持下去。聽(tīng)力練習(xí)，作為英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)，其道理也是一樣的。
"有序"，是一種科學(xué)的方法。它適用于任何學(xué)科。只要科學(xué)地評(píng)判自己的水平，然后有針對(duì)性地制定適合自己的訓(xùn)練方法(而不是人云亦云)，循序漸進(jìn)，逐步攻克，并一步一步向前攀登。
"有量"的原則非常重要。過(guò)去，人們對(duì)這個(gè)"量"的原則重視不夠，或者強(qiáng)調(diào)不夠。盡管人們都懂得"量變引起質(zhì)變"這個(gè)哲學(xué)道理，但真正運(yùn)用在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)上的人卻不多。實(shí)際上這個(gè)道理非常淺顯。但是越是淺顯的道理，有時(shí)候越難讓人置信。對(duì)于聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練來(lái)說(shuō)，量的原則尤其重要。很多人學(xué)英語(yǔ)，目標(biāo)不可謂不明確、方法不可謂不得法、努力不可謂不努力，然而效果不明顯。為什么?其實(shí)，很多時(shí)候，只是訓(xùn)練的量不夠的緣故。這就好象是體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，如果你的訓(xùn)練量到不到教練要求的話(huà)，很多情況下是不可能獲得預(yù)期的訓(xùn)練效果的。"量" 的原則的具體體現(xiàn)，就是我們說(shuō)的四個(gè)字。每次聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練，堅(jiān)持在30分鐘以上。這主要是提供一次給耳朵和大腦接收有聲語(yǔ)言輸入的刺激過(guò)程，時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度不夠，刺激不充分，效果就不好。這其中的原理，有點(diǎn)像有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)。如果你不能每次堅(jiān)持30分左右、心率在一定范圍(因人而異)內(nèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)量訓(xùn)練，則效果一定大打折扣。所以，這個(gè)30分鐘的量一定要堅(jiān)持?？梢允?0分鐘重復(fù)不停地聽(tīng)同一個(gè)內(nèi)容，也可以聽(tīng)不同內(nèi)容，長(zhǎng)度相當(dāng)于30分鐘的材料，或者交錯(cuò)進(jìn)行。那么一個(gè)星期進(jìn)行多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的訓(xùn)練為好呢?起碼要進(jìn)行6次以上的訓(xùn)練，每次30分鐘。這個(gè)量的訓(xùn)練頻率，加上最好以90篇素材內(nèi)容為一個(gè)量的級(jí)別的高強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練，可以逐步使自己在一個(gè)可控的范圍內(nèi)做到有目標(biāo)和方向，又能循序漸進(jìn)，即有序，加上可數(shù)的量的配合，最終達(dá)到一定程度的提高，并可以通過(guò)這種方法，逐步地、適時(shí)地進(jìn)入到更高一級(jí)的層次。
擴(kuò)展：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的用法
現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞主要差別在于：現(xiàn)在分詞表示“主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行”，過(guò)去分詞表示“被動(dòng)和完成”(不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成)。分詞可以有自己的狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)等。
1)分詞作狀語(yǔ)分詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等。分詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。作狀語(yǔ)的分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。
【例如】
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems1 and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.
The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
He looked tired and depressed2, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother"s illness.
分詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)賓或被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞。
【例如】
Notshavingsenough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don"t have enough hands).
Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) .Inspired by the International, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation3. (the working people were inspired/ inspire the working people)____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)
A)shavingsbelieved B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed
本句意思為：相信地球是平的，許多人擔(dān)心哥倫布會(huì)從邊上掉下去。許多人與相信之間是主謂關(guān)系，及分詞與主語(yǔ)之間為主謂關(guān)系。因此，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，答案為B.
No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CET-4 1995,6)
A) performing B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed
本句中貝多芬的作品被反復(fù)表演，可見(jiàn)分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞，故答案為B.
____as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (CET-4 1996,1)
A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published
本句中as引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思為：他的作品盡管在被這樣的時(shí)候出版，還是引起了關(guān)注，可見(jiàn)分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞，故答案為B.
2)“while ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)+分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)可以在分詞前加while，when, once, although, until, if等連詞。
【例如】
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work..
Once recovered, he threw himselfsintoshis work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3)分詞作定語(yǔ)分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，單個(gè)的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語(yǔ)一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面。現(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動(dòng)作的名詞(即與名詞有主謂關(guān)系)，過(guò)去分詞修飾承受該動(dòng)作的名詞(即與名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)。
【例如】
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness4, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic5 partnership6 with developed countries.
The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack7..
As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town ____50 households or more. (CET-4 1998,1)
A)shavingsB) to have C) to have had D)shavingshad Town
后面由分詞做定語(yǔ)，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town與分詞間為主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞，答案為A。
4)分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官動(dòng)詞和look at, listen to等短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役動(dòng)詞后面與名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的成分。
【例如】
On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.
The little boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by.
We should not leave him wondering what he should do.
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
I caught him dozing8 off in class.
過(guò)去分詞可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge動(dòng)詞等后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
【例如】
After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken.You should keep her informed of what is going on here.The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination.
在動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用現(xiàn)在分詞做補(bǔ)語(yǔ),也可用不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,用不定式表示的動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程已經(jīng)完成。
【例如】
I saw Mr. White get off a bus.
I saw Mr. White lookingsintosa shop window.
——Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
——Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.
5)分詞作表語(yǔ)分詞作表語(yǔ)通?？醋餍稳菰~來(lái)用?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，而且主語(yǔ)多為物;過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)的感受或狀態(tài)，主語(yǔ)多為人。
【例如】
The film“Pearl Harbor”is really exciting. I am excited about it.
His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response
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