托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作有幾大類型
托福的獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作有幾大類型你知道嗎》現(xiàn)在跟隨小編來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下吧。
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作三大類別介紹
1、簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明文 Explanation
結(jié)構(gòu)：
首段：背景介紹(Back Information)，引出話題，提出主旨，即主題句(Thesis Statement)
教師指導(dǎo)托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作三大類別詳解
主體段：Supporting，即列出理由和引用具體例子來(lái)進(jìn)行說(shuō)理論述。
例：
In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this phenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.
分析：
首段可以提出人們?nèi)缃衿骄鶋勖^之前有了大幅度的上漲，引出主要內(nèi)容，提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。
中間段，可以分成來(lái)說(shuō)明這個(gè)現(xiàn)象的具體原因，如：人們飲食條件的提升，不再存在吃不飽的情況，而且飲食也越來(lái)越科學(xué)越來(lái)越方便;醫(yī)療技術(shù)也越來(lái)越發(fā)達(dá)，醫(yī)治不及導(dǎo)致死亡的情況減少;經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)比較穩(wěn)定。
句型：
Among various factors that …… are A, B and C.
A is a very important factor.
Equally important is the ……
Matching A and B is another essential factor ,C.
注意：
主題句要注意盡量不要只使用抽象名詞，而且用詞、時(shí)態(tài)要注意，主題句應(yīng)該值得解釋、值得證明。
2、對(duì)比對(duì)照說(shuō)明文 Compare and Contrast：
結(jié)構(gòu)：
首段同簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明文，包括背景信息和主旨的介紹。
主體段則是進(jìn)行對(duì)比對(duì)照(Compare and Contrast)，同一事物的不同方面或者是同一方面的不同事物等。注意條例一定要清楚。
結(jié)尾重申觀點(diǎn)，結(jié)論。
句型：
Somebody assert that B is better than A. However, I want to reason that A is better than B.
對(duì)比對(duì)照排列順序(兩種方法)：
a) A三對(duì)一錯(cuò)，B三錯(cuò)一對(duì)
b) A三對(duì)B一對(duì)，B三錯(cuò)A一錯(cuò)
注意：
順序很重要!結(jié)論不重要
3 立論文 Argumentation
結(jié)構(gòu)：
要注意的一點(diǎn)是，這類作文的立場(chǎng)可能不只一個(gè)，不能以對(duì)錯(cuò)來(lái)判斷。
首段：介紹文章的背景信息，提出自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法。
第二段，具體闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)，通過(guò)一些事例的引用和論證。
第三段，駁論，反駁與自己相反的觀點(diǎn)。
結(jié)尾，做出總結(jié)，重述自己的立場(chǎng)。
注意：
Argumentation是以讀者為導(dǎo)向的，有時(shí)候順序、結(jié)論并不重要，說(shuō)服重于表達(dá)。
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作常用句式30句
一、提出背景的句式
1、It’s generally agreed that ... ... (人們普遍認(rèn)為... ...)
2、There is a growing body of opinion that ... ... (越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為... ...)
3、An increasing number of people have the tendency to believe that ... ... (越來(lái)越多的人傾向于認(rèn)為... ...)
4、Some people, especially the old, believe that ... ... (一些人，尤其是老人，認(rèn)為... ...)
5、Other people, the young in particular, argue that ... ... (別的人，尤其是年輕人，認(rèn)為... ...)
6、Some current analyses conclude that ... ... (當(dāng)下的一些分析表明... ...)
7、... ... is a heated topic in our times. (... ...是我們這個(gè)時(shí)代火熱的一個(gè)話題)
8、The topic about ... ... has been raging for decades. (關(guān)于... ...的話題已經(jīng)風(fēng)行幾十年了)
9、... ... is an eternal/a perpetual topic in our daily lives. (... ...是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪幸粋€(gè)永恒的話題)
10、... ... is one of the most talked about topics in the contemporary society. (... ...是當(dāng)代社會(huì)討論最多的話題之一)
11、Recently, the impact that ... ... has had on our daily lives, in general, is huge and undeniable. (近年來(lái)， ... ...對(duì)我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹挠绊?，總的?lái)說(shuō)，是巨大且不可避免的)
12、With the gradual perfection and progressive amelioration of ... ..., sweeping changes have been brought into our lives. (隨著... ...的不斷完善和進(jìn)一步提高，人們的生活發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化)
13、In terms of ... ..., sometimes we find ourselves in dilemmas. (談到... ...時(shí)，我們有時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己左右為難)
二、個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的句式
14、I am totally convinced that ... ... (我百分百確信... ...)
15、I personally tend to believe that ... ... (我個(gè)人傾向于認(rèn)為... ...)
16、From my perspective, ... ... is without doubt a better option. (依我看，... ...毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是個(gè)更好的選擇)
17、According to the evidence offered above, I can hardly agree that ... ... (綜合以上證明，我很難同意... ...)
18、With respect to ... ..., I am pretty sure that I’m on the same/opposite side of it. (關(guān)于... ...，我很確定是站在正/反方的立場(chǎng))
19、Although it’s no simple task for us to make a prudent and satisfying choice, I still wholeheartedly believe that ... ... (盡管對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)，做一個(gè)謹(jǐn)慎友令人滿意的選擇是很困難的，但是我仍然全心全意地相信... ...)
三、引出爭(zhēng)議的句式
20、There is no consensus on whether...yet. (關(guān)于是否該... ...，現(xiàn)在仍然沒(méi)有一個(gè)定論)
21、Whether...is an issue open to debate. (是否該... ...，這是一個(gè)有待討論的問(wèn)題)
22、Whether...is a boon or bane is still open to debate. (... ...是好是壞/是對(duì)是錯(cuò)，這有待討論)
23、The issue of whether…h(huán)as triggered intense debate. (是否該... ...，這個(gè)問(wèn)題引發(fā)了一個(gè)激烈的討論)
24、The debate over whether...has been going on for a long time. (關(guān)于... ...的討論已經(jīng)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了)
25、When it comes to ... ..., people tend to hold different viewpoints. (當(dāng)談到... ...的時(shí)候，人們傾向于持有不同的觀點(diǎn))
26、Most of the public tend to advocate that ... ... ,while I doubt whether the argument needs more analyses. (大多數(shù)人傾向于主張... ..., 但是我認(rèn)為這有待進(jìn)一步討論)
四、“不可否認(rèn)”的句式
27、It’s undeniable that ... ... (不可否認(rèn)的是... ...)
28、It’s indisputable that ... ... (不可否認(rèn)的是... ...)
29、One indisputable fact is that ... ... (不可否認(rèn)的是... ...)
30、We can’t deny the fact that ... ... (不可否認(rèn)的是... ...)
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作范文：你認(rèn)為什么類型的工廠最重要?
你認(rèn)為什么類型的工廠最重要?
Plants can provide food, shelter, clothing, or medicine. What is one kind of plant that is important to you or the people in your country? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice.
[參考提綱]
藥廠是最重要的
(1)藥是挽救人的最重要的東西，沒(méi)有藥品，人會(huì)死亡
(2)藥品是一般人無(wú)法制造的，只有藥廠可以生產(chǎn)
[托福參看范文]
Plants can be considered the support of the life on Earth, due to their main feature: they are continuously providing oxygen because of photosynthesis process. Moreover, most plants are useful to people in many other different ways.In my country, Romania (located in South-Eastern Europe), we consider wheat the most important plant.
During centuries, our ancestors had to fight numerous invaders in order to protect our most precious wealth: wheat. Until World War II, Romania had been considered the most important wheat producer of the entire continent. Unfortunately, after the war, my country was invaded by Soviet troops, having a sole purpose: stealing. They stole everything they found: money, jewelry, cars, industrial equipment and, last but not least, food. During that period, wheat flour was considered the most precious asset a person could own.
After the 60's, the situation returned to normal. Regrettably, however, wheat paddocks were considered a source for obtaining merchandise to be sold abroad, in return for foreign currency meant to fulfill Ceausescu's insane plans for "the new communist era". Dozens of trains full of wheat berries crossed our borders, while Romanian people were starving, fighting for a loaf of wheat bread.
After the collapse of communism, everybody believed that things would return to normal. However, another problem occurred. Irresponsible people stole most irrigation equipments (pumps, pipes), so wheat production has been continuously decreasing.
At present, wheat is still considered a precious gift of nature given to our people. Thousands of people working in agriculture are treating this plant as the most important thing in their lives.
I hope that, sometime, all my nationals will give wheat the importance it deserves.
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