英語百分?jǐn)?shù)的用法
英語百分?jǐn)?shù)的用法
百分?jǐn)?shù)在英語中用per cent(美作percent)表示,在句子中可作多種成分。接下來學(xué)習(xí)啦小編將為你介紹百分?jǐn)?shù)在英語中的運用。
在句子中作不同成分
1)用作主語:
Over eighty per cent of all families own a television.
百分之八十以上的家庭都有電視機。
What per cent of the population can read?
人口中能識文斷字的百分比是多少?
2)用作賓語或介詞賓語:
They constitute eight per cent of the population.
他們占人口的百分之八。
The price of bread has gone up by 40 per cent in two years.
面包價格兩年間漲了百分之四十。
3)用作定語:
Leave the waitress a 15 per cent tip. 給女招待留下百分之十五的小費。
There is a ten per cent service charge. 要收百分之十的服務(wù)費(小費)。
4)用作狀語:
I think it’s ninety per cent probable. 我看這有百分之九十的可能性。
I’m not a hundred per cent convinced myself. 我自己也不是百分之百全信。
5)偶爾作表語:
12 is I percent of 1,200. 12是1,200 的百分之一。
必須了解的一些基礎(chǔ)知識及用法
一、必須知道的兩個名詞
Percent的中文意思是:百分之…,如果你怕麻煩,還可以簡化成%,這個單詞還可以分開來寫成:per cent,例如:16%的男生有心理問題。
1. 16% of the boys have mental problems.
2. 16 percent of the boys have mental problems.
3. 16 per cent of the boys have mental problems.
Percent of…后面的名詞直接決定著后面謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
16 percent of the boys are overweight.
Over 60 percent of the earth surface is covered with water.
但是,percentage中文是:百分率,百分比。如果用它表達上面的例句,可以說成:
The percentage of the boys who have mental problems is 16 per cent.
我們漢語中常說的百分點可以被表達成:percentage points,例如:
Interest rate fell by six percentage points.
利率下降了六個百分點。
常見的詞組有:a high/low/small percentage of,例如:
A high percentage of married women have part-time jobs.
已婚婦女兼職的比例非常高。
二、必須知道的兩個動詞
在表達“占一定數(shù)量或比例”時,我們使用頻率最高的動詞有:
Afro-Americans account for 12% of the US population.
Afro-Americans make up 12% of the US population.
非裔美國人占美國人口的百分之十二。
Account for還有另外一個常用用法,相當(dāng)于動詞explain。請看例句:
Recent pressure at work may account for his strange behavior.
他行為怪異的原因可能是工作壓力大。
相比之下,make up的意思非常豐富,用法更多。例如:
They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play.
在最后一幕中,他們把她裝扮成一個老頭。
When you're the boss you can make up your own rules.
當(dāng)你是老板時,你可以制定你自己的規(guī)矩。
I don't eat breakfast but I make up for it at lunch.
通常我不吃早飯,到中飯的時候在彌補。
三、如何表達“比例高低”
上面作文提示中,就有這樣的一句:
大約12%的學(xué)生有情緒問題,其中,女生的比例比較高。
那么,如何表達比例的高低呢?最簡單的表達就是:
Most of the students with emotional problems are girls.
在有情緒問題的學(xué)生中,女生占絕大多數(shù)。
再高級的一點的表達,可以使用短語the majority of或者a minority of,例如:
The majority of the students with emotional problems are girls.
在有情緒問題的學(xué)生中,女生占絕大多數(shù)。
Only a minority of people support these new laws.
只有少數(shù)的人支持這些新法律。
此外,還有介詞短語in the majority和in a/the majority,上面的兩句句話可以說成:
Among the students with emotional problems, girls are in the majority.
在有情緒問題的學(xué)生中,女生占絕大多數(shù)。
People who support these new laws are in a minority.
只有少數(shù)的人支持這些新法律。
四、百分比的其他表達
當(dāng)出現(xiàn)多個百分比時,可以對數(shù)字進行一些處理和轉(zhuǎn)換,避免表達重復(fù),例如:
第一組:百分之二十五的新生來自農(nóng)村。
25 percent of the new students come from the countryside.
A quarter of the new students come from the countryside.
第二組:在受訪的人群中,百分之五十一的人支持這個運動。
51% of people surveyed are in favor of the campaign.
Over half of people surveyed are in favor of the campaign.
第三組:這個班級有百分之六十七的學(xué)生患了近視眼。
67 percent of the students in the class are short-sighted.
About two-thirds of the students in the class are short-sighted.
第四組:70%的老師贊成這個計劃,17%的人反對,13%的人不確定。
70% of the teachers support the plan. 17% of them are against it. 13% are not sure.
70% of the teachers support the plan. 17% of them are against it. The rest are unsure.
五、三個重要的定語
在百分比之后,常要加上一些限定詞,例如:
16% of the students surveyed suffer from mental problems.
在接受的學(xué)生當(dāng)中,有16%的學(xué)生有心理問題。
Boys make up 53% of the students with mental problems.
在有心理問題的學(xué)生當(dāng)中,男生占53%。
很多時候,我們也可以使用定語從句或分詞結(jié)構(gòu),例如上面的句子也可以寫成:
Boys make up 53% of the students who suffer from mental problems.
Boys make up 53% of the students suffering from mental problems.
六、其他的表達技巧
首先,看一個例句:
16.2% of the boys have mental problems. 11.4% of the girls have mental problems.
16.2%的男生有心理健康問題,11.4%的女生有心理健康問題。
這是男女學(xué)生之間的對比,我們可以使用while把這個兩句話合二為一:
16.2% of the boys have mental problems while 11.4% of the girls have mental problems.
再認(rèn)真看一下,這兩句話的謂語和賓語都一樣,只有主語不同,還可以簡化為:
16.2% of the boys and 11.4% of the girls have mental problems.