情態(tài)動詞語法講解及練習(xí)題(2)
情態(tài)動詞語法講解：shall
1)用于第一人稱征求對方的意見，如：
What shall I wear on the journey? 我路上穿什么好呢?
Shall we dance? 我們跳舞好嗎?
2)shall 用于第二、三人稱時(shí)表允諾，警告，命令，威脅(現(xiàn)已少見)，如：
She shall get her share. 她可以得到她的一份。
You shall have it back tomorrow.你明天可以將它拿回。
情態(tài)動詞should一般不應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是情態(tài)動詞shall的過去式，主要用法有：
1)用于第一人稱疑問句中詢問對方的意愿，但語氣較委婉溫和，如：
What should we do now? 我們現(xiàn)在該怎么辦?
2)表示應(yīng)該、必須，常與must 換用。例如：
We should (must) master a foreign language at least.
我們應(yīng)當(dāng)至少掌握一門外語。
3)“should+be+表語”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示推測或驚奇。例如：
They should be back by now. 他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該回來了吧。
I am sorry that she should be so careless. 我感到遺憾她竟會那樣粗心。
4)“should+have+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示過去該做而實(shí)際上尚未做的動作或行為;其否定則表示發(fā)生了不應(yīng)該發(fā)生的行為。其同義結(jié)構(gòu)“ought to have +過去分詞”,表示過去“早應(yīng)該”、“本當(dāng)”之意，語氣較強(qiáng)。例如：
I should have thought of that. 這一點(diǎn)我是應(yīng)當(dāng)想到的。(但沒想到)
They should not have left so soon.他們不應(yīng)當(dāng)走得這么早。(但已走了)
5) 在“It is natural (strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……”句型中，主語從句中的謂語動詞要用should +動詞原形”表示“理所當(dāng)然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“驚異”等的意思。在lest(以免)、for fear (that) (以防)、in case(以備萬一)等之后也要用should+動詞原形;在advise, sugest, order, demand, request 等的從句中should+do”例如：
It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once.
有必要馬上派他到那里去。
It is strange that he should say so. 他會說這樣的話真是奇怪。
Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train.
我們馬上走吧，以免趕不上火車。
情態(tài)動詞語法講解：will和would的用法
1)表示意志，決心或愿望。例如：
Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.
我們一定要支持全世界人民爭取和平的斗爭。
He would not let me try it . 他不肯讓我去試。
2)will表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性、傾向性，would表示過去的習(xí)慣行為。
He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
他會經(jīng)常一連幾個(gè)小時(shí)坐在那兒觀看來往的車輛。
He would come to see me when he was in Beijing.
他在北京時(shí)，常來看望我。
3)用于第二人稱作主語的疑問句中，表示對對方的請求，would的語氣比will委碗
Would/will you kindly tell me the way to the station? 請問到火車站怎么走?
4)表可能性
This will be the book you are looking for.
這可能就是你要找的書。
She eould be about 60 when she died.
他死時(shí)大概60歲。
情態(tài)動詞語法講解：need和dare的用法
情態(tài)動詞need 實(shí)義動詞 need
現(xiàn) You need (not) do You (don’t) need to do
在
時(shí) He need (not) do He needs (doesn’t need) to do
過 You needed (didn’t need) to do
去
時(shí) He needed (didn’t need) to do
將 You need (not) do You will (not) need to do
來
時(shí) He need (not) do He will (not) need to do
句型 時(shí)態(tài) 動詞
情態(tài)動詞dare 實(shí)義動詞 dare
肯定句 現(xiàn)在時(shí) dare to 少用 dare/dares to do
過去時(shí) dare to 少用 dared to do
否定句 現(xiàn)在時(shí) daren’t/dare not do do/does not dare (to) do
過去時(shí) dared not do did not dare (to) do
疑問句 現(xiàn)在時(shí) Dare he do? Do you/Does he dear (to) do?
過去時(shí) Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do
needn’t have v-ed 表示過去做了某事，但沒有做的必要， 意為“本沒必要…”。例如：
You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today
情態(tài)動詞語法講解：表推測的情態(tài)動詞句子的反意疑問句
He must/may be in the room, isn’t he?
He can’t be in the room, is he?
He must have finished the work, hasn’t he?
He may have done the work last night, didn’t he?
情態(tài)動詞+行為動詞進(jìn)行式
情態(tài)動詞+行為動詞進(jìn)行式(即情態(tài)動詞+ be + v-ing形式)，表示推測或評論某動作現(xiàn)在是否正在進(jìn)行。例如：
1)He must be playing basketball in the room.
2)She may be staying at home.
情態(tài)動詞語法講解：情態(tài)動詞+行為動詞完成進(jìn)行式
情態(tài)動詞+行為動詞完成進(jìn)行式(即情態(tài)動詞+ have been + v-ing 形式)，表示推測或評論過去某動作是否正在進(jìn)行或一直在進(jìn)行。例如：
1)They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
2)He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
12.used to +v, be used to +v-ing和be used to +v
(1)used to +v意為“過去常常”，“過去一直”;be used to +v-ing / n(名詞)意為“習(xí)慣于”;be used to +v意為“被用來(做某事)”。
(2)used to只表示過去，而be used to +v-ing / n可表示現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)怼＠纾?/p>
1)He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t.
2)He’s quite used to hard work / working hard.
3)The knife is used to cut bread.
情態(tài)動詞語法講解：用作情態(tài)動詞的其他短語
would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情態(tài)動詞。例如：
1)The soldier would sooner die than surrender.
2)The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.
3)I’d rather walk than take a bus.
4)If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
注：這些短語后一般直接跟動詞原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引導(dǎo)的從句，that 常省去，從句要用虛擬語氣。對現(xiàn)在和將來的假設(shè)用過去時(shí)，對過去的假設(shè)用過去完成時(shí)。例如：
1)I would rather you came on Sunday.
2)I would sooner you hadn’t asked me to speak yesterday.
情態(tài)動詞語法練習(xí)題
1. May I stop my car here?
No, you____.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. don't have to
2. Must we clean the house now?
No, you _______.
A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. can't
3. John his father about his failure in the exam.
A. dares not tell B. dares not telling
C. dare not tell D. dares not to tell
4. You return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
5. Johnny, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself.
A. won't...can't B. mustn't...may
C. shouldn't, must D. can't...shouldn't
6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
7. Would you go out for a walk with me?
No, I . My girl friend is coming.
A. wouldn't B. shall not C. won't D. shouldn't
8. Man die without water.
A. will B. can C. need D. shall
9. If he started at 9 0'clock, he be there by now.
A. need B. shall C. ought to D. must
10. I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She_____it.
A. must receive B. can't receive C. might receive D. must have received
11.The professor gave orders that the experiment before 5:30p.m.
A. be finished B. will finish
C. must be finished D. would be finished
12. There was plenty of time. You_____.
A. mustn't hurry B. mustn't have hurried
C. needn't hurry D. needn't have hurried
13. Tom was a diligent boy. He go to school though it was raining hard.
was able to B. could C. couldn't D. wasn't able to
14. ______I go back before lunch?
No, I don't think you________.
A. Need...must B. Do...need to C. Must...have to D. May .... ought to
15. The teacher do all the exercises, but a pupil_______.
A. needn't....must B. may not...must
C. needn't....needn't D. can't....must
16. Would you open the window please ?
Yes, I______.
A. will B. would C. do D. can
17. A lion only attacks a human being when it is hungry.
A. should B. can C. will D. shall
18. ____Must I finish this novel this morning ?
____No, you_____.
A. mustn't B. might not C. don't have to D. can't
19. The taxi ____ only hold six passengers. It is full. You take the next one.
A. may...may B. can...may C. may...can D. must...can
20. I ____ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.
A. may come B. may have come C. could have come D. must have come
21. I wish to go home now,____ I?
A. may B. can't C. must D. do
答案：
1-10 BACCB DCADD
11-20 ADACA ACCBC
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