小學(xué)生英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
語(yǔ)法是英語(yǔ)考試的重中之重，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要多練習(xí)多背誦，多多練習(xí)，就可以提高成績(jī)了哦。
一、語(yǔ)法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a.
2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I ,you 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.
5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問(wèn)句和否定句用any.
6. 疑問(wèn)詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰(shuí)) where (哪里) whose (誰(shuí)的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)
二:形容詞比較級(jí)
當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級(jí).比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:
什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)
形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來(lái)的,它的變化規(guī)則是:
① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
?、?以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
?、?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier
?、?雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
注意
比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西.
典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng).)
比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒有可比性.
應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
三:動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式
動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
A,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
?、?一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
?、?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
?、?雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped
B,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無(wú)規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,
are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt
四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
?、?以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
?、?雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
五、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)人稱代詞主格及賓格
人稱代詞分為主格和賓格，主格和賓格區(qū)別：主格和賓格漢語(yǔ)意思相同，但位置不同。
Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"
主格在陳述句中通常放句首，賓格通常放在動(dòng)詞后或介詞后，也就是說(shuō)賓格，不放在句首。
Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)
Excuse me (me 賓格)
I ask him to go (him 賓格)
They sit in front of me (me 賓格)
主格(8個(gè))：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她、它)們
賓格(8個(gè))：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們
六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類
1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子,
如:I'm a student.
She is a doctor.
He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,
如:I'm not a student.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.
There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
注意小結(jié):
否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 "not".有動(dòng)詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫.沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .
3,一般疑問(wèn)句:是指詢問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來(lái)回答.
如:Are you a student ?Yes, I am \ No, I'm not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. \ No, she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital ?\Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening?\ Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
注意小結(jié):
一般疑問(wèn)句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上,
?、侔褎?dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可.
②沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可.
這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問(wèn)句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問(wèn)和答要一致,即問(wèn)句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的.
4,特殊疑問(wèn)句:以特殊疑問(wèn)詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問(wèn)什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來(lái)回答.如:
What is this?
Where are you going?
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?
When do you usually get up?
Why do you like spring best ?
How are you?
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