什么是主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)

　　編者按：英語中當(dāng)主語是謂語動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí)，我們稱之為主動(dòng)語態(tài)，二擋主語是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者是就是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。下面小編就來帶你一起學(xué)習(xí)下，希望對大家有幫助。

　　1.當(dāng)主語是謂語動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí)，我們稱之為主動(dòng)語態(tài)(主動(dòng)句)。

　　We speak English.

　　我們講英語。

　　(“講”是主語“我們”發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。)

　　He is writing a letter.

　　他下在寫一封信。

　　(writing是主語He發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。)

　　2. 當(dāng)主語是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，稱之為被動(dòng)語態(tài)(被動(dòng)句)：在中文里相當(dāng)于“…被…”的句子。

　　Class 1 was defeated.

　　一班被打敗了。

　　(主語Class 1是defeted的承受者)

　　A hare was killed.

　　一只野兔被打死了。

　　(A hare是killed的承受者。在形式上A hare是was killed的主語，但在意思上，A hare是killed的賓語，即等于：Someone killed a hare.)

　　3.大多數(shù)“主-動(dòng)-賓”結(jié)構(gòu)的主動(dòng)句都可以轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句。

　　(1)將原來的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，并將原來的主動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞組變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞組。

　　This factory produces machine tools.

　　→Machine tools are produced in this factory.

　　The found a wallet in the car.

　　→A wallet was found in the car.

　　They are repairingthe bridge.

　　→The bridge is being repaired.

　　They have repaired the bridge.

　　→The bridge has been repaired.

　　They often make fun of her.

　　→She is often made fun of.

　　He took great care of his books.

　　→His books were taken great care of.

　　→Great care was taken of his books.

　　(2)如果原句帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或半助動(dòng)詞，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞不變，隨后的主動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)。

　　They should do this right now.

　　→ This should bedone right now.

　　They may be interviewing the applicants at the moment.

　　→The applicants maybe being interviewed at the moment.

　　They must have finished their work.

　　→Their work must have been finished

　　He is likely tolet you down.

　　→You are likely tobe let down.

　　(3)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句，如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)施動(dòng)者，可將原句主語置于by- 詞組中表達(dá)出來。

　　A boy found this wallet in the street.

　　→This wallet was found in the street by a boy.

　　(4)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句是一個(gè)“主-動(dòng)-賓-賓”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以有兩種形式。

　　Father gave me a toy yesterday.

　　→I was given a toy yesterday.

　　→A toy was given to me yesterday.

　　(5)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句是一個(gè)“主-動(dòng)-賓-補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可將原來的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，原來的賓語補(bǔ)語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句里的主語補(bǔ)語。

　　They named the boy Tom.

　　→The boy was named Tom.

　　We painted the wall pink.

　　→The wall was painted pink.

　　在英語里，有些表達(dá)只能用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。

　　The door won’t lock.門鎖不上。

　　The cloth washes well.這布料很耐洗。

　　The drawer won’t open.這抽屜打不開。

　　His novel sells well.他的小說銷路很好。

　　This paper tears easily.這紙一撕就破。

　　本文作者：丹丹英語 (公眾號(hào)：英語語法學(xué)習(xí))

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