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學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ) > 英語(yǔ)知識(shí)大全 > 英語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)法解析

英語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)法解析

時(shí)間: 玉蓮928 分享

英語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)法解析

  關(guān)于疑問(wèn)句在英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn),我們主要看看哪些是比較常見(jiàn)的。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的英語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)法解析,供大家參閱!

  英語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)法解析:陳述句變一般疑問(wèn)句的方法

  用yes或no來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句,一般疑問(wèn)句用升調(diào)。陳述句變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句時(shí)分三種情況:

  1. 陳述句中有系動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞be, have / has, do, will, would, shall, should, had或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, ought時(shí),將這些系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首,并在句末加上問(wèn)號(hào)。如:

  I'll go to the History Museum this afternoon. — Will you go to the History Museum this afternoon? 今天下午你去了歷史博物館嗎?

  I visited Beijing last month. — Did you visit Beijing last month? 上個(gè)月你參觀了北京嗎?

  在對(duì)疑問(wèn)句進(jìn)行回答時(shí),須注意:

  (1) 當(dāng)回答could, would所提的問(wèn)題時(shí),一般用can, will. 如:

  —Could you help me with my homework this evening? —Yes, I can. / No, I can't.

  —Would you go there right now? —Yes, I will. / No, I won't.

  在對(duì)方向你表示邀請(qǐng)時(shí),可用OK, sorry等來(lái)替代Yes,No.

  (2) 在對(duì)用may所提問(wèn)題的否定回答時(shí),一般用mustn't / can't;而在對(duì)用 must所提的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行否定回答時(shí),一般用needn't / don't have to. 如:

  —May I use your bike now? —Yes, you may. / No, you can't. (mustn't)

  —Must I stay at school this afternoon? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn't (don't have to).

  2. 原陳述中沒(méi)有系動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞be, have / has, do, will, would, shall, should had或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, ought時(shí),則在句首加助動(dòng)詞Do的適當(dāng)形式,同時(shí),將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵蝿?dòng)詞。如:

  We speak Chinese. — Do you speak Chinese? 你講漢語(yǔ)嗎?

  I went shopping yesterday. —Did you go shopping yesterday? 昨天你去買(mǎi)東西了嗎?

  3. 原陳述句中,若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是have / has, 則須考慮have / has的意義。如果have / has是“有”的意義時(shí),變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句時(shí),既可在句首加Do的適當(dāng)形式,也可將have / has,提到句首。如:

  He has a beautiful pen. —Has he a beautiful pen? / does he have a beautiful pen? 他有一只漂亮的鋼筆嗎?

  但若have / has,的意思不是“有”時(shí),變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句時(shí),則必須在句手加Do的適當(dāng)形式。如

  I have lunch at home. —Do you have lunch at home? 你在家吃中飯嗎?

  We had a meeting last night. —Did you have a meeting last night? 昨天晚上你開(kāi)會(huì)了嗎?

  (4) 原陳述句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to時(shí),它的一般疑問(wèn)句,可將used移到句首;也可在句首加Did 。如(from www.yygrammar.com):

  I used to go swimming in the river. —Did you use to go swimming in the river? / Used you to go swimming in the river? 你過(guò)去常常去那條河里游泳嗎?

  (5) 當(dāng)心need, dare兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞。這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞既可以做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可以做行為動(dòng)詞。做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),直接將它們移到句首。此時(shí),若用need的問(wèn)句,肯定回答時(shí)用must,否定回答時(shí),用needn't。若作行為動(dòng)詞,則用Do的適當(dāng)?shù)男问教釂?wèn)。如:

  —Need I come here tomorrow?—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't.

  —I need to go to school now. —Do you need to go to school now?

  —Dare you tell your father about it?

  —Do you dare to go out at night?

  英語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)法解析:which, what與who的用法有何區(qū)別

  1. which 和 what 均可與名詞連用,表示對(duì)人或物提出疑問(wèn)(但 who 不能這樣用)。一般說(shuō)來(lái),當(dāng)選擇范圍較小或比較明確時(shí),用which; 當(dāng)選擇范圍較或不明確時(shí)用what。如:

  Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 太陽(yáng)和地球哪個(gè)大?

  What writers do you like? 你喜歡哪些作家?

  注意,以上區(qū)別只是一般原則,并不絕對(duì)。如也可說(shuō):

  Which writers do you like? 你喜歡哪些作家?

  Which [What] will it be—tea or coffee? 這會(huì)是什么──茶還是咖啡?

  2. which, what, who 均可用作代詞(即其后不跟名詞)。關(guān)于 which 和 what的和法區(qū)別跟上面的分析相似。這里只談?wù)?who 的用法:who 一般只用來(lái)指人,不管選擇范圍大還是小,明確還是不明確均可用(當(dāng)選擇范圍比較明確且用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí) who 也可用或 which 或 which one 代之)。如:

  Who won—Tom or Mike? 誰(shuí)贏了─湯姆還是邁克?

  Who is your favourite poet? 你最喜歡的詩(shī)人是誰(shuí)?

  Who [Which, Which one] do you like best—your father or your mother?你更喜歡誰(shuí)──父親還母親?

  3. 正由于 what 和 who 的選擇范圍可以很大或不明確,所以其后可以跟else,但一般不跟表示特定范圍的 of 短語(yǔ);which 的選擇范圍相對(duì)比較小或明確,所以其后一般不接else,但卻常 of 與短語(yǔ)連用。如:

  Who [What] else did you see there? 你在那兒還看到了別人的什么人什么東西?

  Which of the three girls is the oldest? 這三個(gè)女孩中哪個(gè)年紀(jì)最大?

  不過(guò),以上說(shuō)的也是一般情況,有時(shí)也有例外,如有時(shí)也說(shuō):

  Who of you three first thought of this? 你們?nèi)酥姓l(shuí)最先想到這一點(diǎn)?

  英語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)法解析:介詞與疑問(wèn)詞搭配的幾種類(lèi)型

  1、當(dāng)提問(wèn)使用含有動(dòng)詞+介詞小品詞的wh-疑問(wèn)句時(shí),通常把介詞小品詞放在句末:

  Who(m) are you going with? 你同誰(shuí)一起走?

  What are you looking at? 你在看什么?

  Where did you get that suit from? 你從哪兒買(mǎi)到那套衣服的?

  How on earth can I get these shoes on? 我到底怎樣才能把這雙鞋子穿上呢?

  2、在非常正式的英語(yǔ)里,介詞可以放在疑問(wèn)詞之前:

  To whom should I apply for more information? 我應(yīng)該向誰(shuí)詢(xún)問(wèn)更多的情況?

  In which hall will the recital be given? 獨(dú)唱會(huì)在哪個(gè)廳里舉行呢?

  3、在簡(jiǎn)略疑問(wèn)句里介詞跟在疑問(wèn)詞后面:

  We're off on holiday tomorrow. 一Where to? 我們明天動(dòng)身去度假。——到哪兒去?

  Will you beat these eggs for me? 一What with? 你替我攪拌這些雞蛋好嗎?——用什么攪拌?

  I want to leave this parcel. 一Who for? 我想把這個(gè)包裹留下。——留給誰(shuí)?

  英語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)法解析:反意疑問(wèn)句的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)

  一、反意疑問(wèn)句的基本概念

  表示問(wèn)話人有一定看法,但不是完全肯定,需要對(duì)方證實(shí);有時(shí)說(shuō)話人還會(huì)用反意疑問(wèn)句來(lái)加強(qiáng)陳述句的語(yǔ)氣,并不要求對(duì)方回答。反意疑問(wèn)句前面的陳述句部分用逗號(hào)和降調(diào),疑問(wèn)部分用問(wèn)號(hào),表示疑問(wèn)時(shí)用升調(diào),用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣時(shí)用降調(diào)。

  He is a student, isn't he? 他是學(xué)生,是不是?(表示疑問(wèn),用升調(diào))

  The play is interesting, isn't it? 這部戲很有趣,不是嗎?(加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,用降調(diào))

  二、反意疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

  反意疑問(wèn)句由兩部分組成,前一部分是一個(gè)陳述句,后一部分是一個(gè)省略的疑問(wèn)句。如果陳述句是肯定的,反意疑問(wèn)句用否定;如果陳述句是否定的,反意疑問(wèn)句用肯定的。反意疑問(wèn)句通常由兩個(gè)詞組成,第一個(gè)詞是be、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞,若是否定式,not通常要用簡(jiǎn)略形式;第二個(gè)詞是人稱(chēng)代詞主格(與陳述句的主語(yǔ)相同) 。如:

  Kate and Joan can swim, can't they? 凱特和瓊會(huì)游泳,是不是?

  Tom won't come, will he? 湯姆不會(huì)來(lái),對(duì)嗎?

  三、反意疑問(wèn)句的回答

  要用yes或no回答,回答的內(nèi)容是肯定的就用yes,回答的內(nèi)容是否定的就用no,這與漢語(yǔ)不完全相同,同學(xué)們要特別注意。如:

  —You will never forget him, will you? 你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記他,是嗎?

  —Yes, I will. 不,我會(huì)忘記。

  —No, I won't. 是的,我不會(huì)忘記他。

  英語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)法解析:反意疑問(wèn)句的回答方法

  1. 肯定反意疑問(wèn)句的回答

  當(dāng)陳述部分為否定式,反意疑問(wèn)句為肯定式時(shí),其回答往往與漢語(yǔ)不一致,需特別引起注意:

  "It isn't cheap, is it?" "Yes, it is." “它不便宜吧?”“不,很便宜。”

  "He doesn't love her, does he?" "No, he doesn't."“他不愛(ài)她,是嗎?”“是的,他不愛(ài)她。”

  2. 否定反意疑問(wèn)句的回答

  當(dāng)陳述部分為肯定式,反意疑問(wèn)句為否定式時(shí),其回答一般不會(huì)造成困難,一般只需照情況回答即可:

  "It's new, isn't it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的,對(duì)嗎?”“對(duì),是新的。”

  "He wants to go, doesn't he?" "No, he doesn't." “他想去,對(duì)嗎?”“不,他不想去。”

  3. 回答反意疑問(wèn)句的原則

  回答反意疑問(wèn)句通常應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)確定,如有人問(wèn)你You are asleep, aren't you? 你應(yīng)回答No, I'm not. 因?yàn)榧热荒隳芑卮?,肯定你還沒(méi)有asleep。但如果別人問(wèn)你 You aren't asleep, are you?(你還沒(méi)有睡著,對(duì)嗎),你也只能回答No, I'm not.(是的,還沒(méi)有睡著),而不能回答為Yes, I'm not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.

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