高中英語語法大全
高中英語語法大全
還記得高中的時候都學(xué)過哪些語法嗎?英語老師強調(diào)掌握的是?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的高中英語語法,供大家參閱!
高中英語語法:倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
同學(xué)們很容易混淆的是全部倒裝與部分倒裝。如何區(qū)分之,編個順口溜:副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒裝,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助動,讓步狀語倒表語;復(fù)合句式倒主句,不倒裝的屬特殊。
下面舉例說明:
A、Here comes the bus.(副詞提前,全倒裝)
B、Here he comes.(代詞作主語,不倒裝)
C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介詞短語提前,全倒裝)
D、Never shall I do this again.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)
E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(讓步狀語從句,表語倒裝)
F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修飾狀語,主句倒裝)
G、Only he can save the patient.(only修飾主語.不倒裝)
H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)
I、Not only he but also we like sports.(連接兩個主語,不倒裝)
高中英語語法:引導(dǎo)的主語從句的what
1. 表特指
所謂表特指,就是說此時的what 在用法上大致相當(dāng)于the。如:
What money I have will be yours when I die. = The money I have will be yours when I die. 我一死我的錢就都給你。
What possessions I have are yours.=The possessions I have are yours. 我的所有的財產(chǎn)都是你的。
2. 表“微量”
有時不僅表特指,而且還表“微量”,即含有“量不多”之意。如果將“特指”和“微量”結(jié)合起來,該結(jié)構(gòu)的意思就是“雖不多,但全部”,有時可譯為“僅有”。如:
What ideas he has are his wife’s. 他僅有的一點想法都是他妻子的。
What friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在國外。
這類“what+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)并不是總具有“微量性”,即有時有,有時沒有。如果要想明確或強化這種微量性特點,我們可以該結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞前加上表示微量的修飾語few(用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞前)或little(用于不可數(shù)名詞前)。如:
What few friends she has are out of the country.=The few friends she has are out of the country. 她僅有的幾個朋友都在國外。
What little free time he had was spent with the family.= The little free time he had was spent with the family. 他僅有的一點空余時間都是與家人在一起度過的。
高中英語語法:主謂一致
一.概念
主謂一致是指:
1) 語法形式上要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。
2) 意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。
3) 就近原則,即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語,
一般來說,不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
There is much water in the thermos.
但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二.相關(guān)知識點精講
1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù),例如:
Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。
注意:當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時,如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。例如:
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對我們的生活有重要意義。
典型例題
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注: 先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時,先排除A.,C。本題易誤選D,因為The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人,但仔細(xì)辨別,monitor 前沒有the,在英語中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應(yīng)選B。
2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則
1)當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如:
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個男孩,二十三個女孩。
2)當(dāng)either... or... 與neither... nor,連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo),而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如:
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。
3.謂語動詞與前面的主語一致
當(dāng)主語有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如:
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。
4. 謂語需用單數(shù)的情況
1)代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時,或主語中含有each, every時, 謂語需用單數(shù)。例如:
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。
2)當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。
3)表示金錢,時間,價格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時,通常把這些名詞看作一個整體,謂語一般用單數(shù)。例如:
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個星期來做準(zhǔn)備。
Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。
5.指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)
1)代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如:
All is right.一切順利。
All are present.人都到齊了。
2)集體名詞作主語時,謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時強調(diào)這個集體中的各個成員,用單數(shù)時強調(diào)該集體的整體。例如:
His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。
His family are music lovers.他家個個都是音樂愛好者。
但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎?
3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數(shù),有時看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。
The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
6.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況
1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語時,謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如:
Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運動。
2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報道了一連串的事故。
A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。
3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than... of 作主語時,動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如:
Many a person has read the novel.許多人讀過這本書。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來自這個城市。
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