六級(jí)英語語法
六級(jí)英語語法主要講的是哪方面的,不管怎么說,基礎(chǔ)的語法是逃不過的。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的六級(jí)英語語法,供大家參閱!
六級(jí)英語語法:定語從句
1.先行詞為all, anything, something, nothing, everything, much, little, none等不定代詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞一般只用that,不用which。在大多數(shù)情況下that可以省略.
Please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter.
2.as引出的限制性定語從句
在such …as的結(jié)構(gòu)中as可作關(guān)系代詞,引出限制性定語從句。有時(shí)和same連用,在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語等。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.
3.as引出的非限制性定語從句
as可作關(guān)系代詞引出非限制性定語從句,代替整個(gè)主句,通常譯為“(正)如…一樣”,“(正)象…一樣”等。as引導(dǎo)的從句一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,可以位于主句的前面、中間或后面.
I live a long way from work, as you know.
4.分隔式定語從句
定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后,但有時(shí)會(huì)被其他句子成分與先行詞隔開,從而構(gòu)成分隔式定語從句。
The days are gone when power politics worked.
5.介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)引出的定語從句
如果關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)在定語從句中作介詞的賓語,那么這個(gè)介詞可以提到從句前,構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)+定語從句”。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞不可以用that。
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.
6.關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中常可以省略,一般有以下幾種情況:
1) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作直接賓語時(shí),在大多數(shù)情況下可以省略。
This is something (that) you must always keep in mind.
關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語時(shí),介詞位于句尾時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可以省略;介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)則關(guān)系代詞不能省略。
This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.
2) 關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)一般不能省略,但如果關(guān)系代詞在由there …be存在句構(gòu)成的定語從句中作主語時(shí)??墒÷?。
This is the only book (that) there is on this subject.
3) 在way后面的定語從句中in which或that通常省略。
That’s the way (that/in which) I look at it.
7.非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞或整個(gè)主句,起補(bǔ)充說明的作用,如果省略掉,原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定語從句要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,其引導(dǎo)詞不能用that。非限制性定語從句屬于正式語體。經(jīng)??嫉降姆窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句有以下三種。
1)由which、as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。which、as代表整個(gè)主句。
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
2)由 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。
He sent her a letter, in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.
3)由 “數(shù)詞、代詞或名詞+of +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。
He had three sons, one of whom was my son’s classmate.
六級(jí)英語語法:狀語從句
1) 時(shí)間狀語從句
時(shí)間狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo):when, whenever, as, while, since, until, till, before, after, as soon as, once, hardly (scarcely) …when, no sooner …than。
I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.
時(shí)間狀語從句還可由某些可充當(dāng)連詞的名詞(the moment, the instant, every time,等)和副詞(instantly, directly等)引導(dǎo):
I will tell you the news the instant I know.
Note:
①before除了可表示“在…之前”外,還可用來強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間、距離很長(zhǎng)或花費(fèi)的力量相比較大,可譯為“…才”。(“not …before”可用來強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間、距離很短或花費(fèi)的力量相比較小,可譯為“…就”)。
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
②如果位于when引導(dǎo)的分句之前的主句使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)或“was/were about to, was/were on the point of”等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),when表示突然發(fā)生某事,可譯為“正在…突然”或“剛…就”等。這時(shí),不能夠用as或while來代替when。
I was walking on the street when I ran into my old friend John.
2) 條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo):if, unless, providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing (that), on condition (that), as/so long as, in case等。
So long as you work hard, you will surely achieve good results in examinations.
3) 讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo):though, although, even if, even though, whatever, however, whoever, wherever, no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介紹幾種較特殊的讓步狀語從句。
(1)while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句多放在句首,while相當(dāng)于although,表示“盡管”,“雖然”。
While I admit I did it, I didn’t intend to.
(2)短語“even now/then/so”相當(dāng)于“though it is/was true”,表示“盡管如此”,“盡管這樣”。
The fire was out, but even so, the smell of smoke was strong.
(3) as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要倒裝。
Child as he was, he could speak four languages.
4) 比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo):(not) as …as, (not) the same as, (not) such …as, not so …as, than, the + 比較級(jí)…, the +比較級(jí)…等。
We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.
六級(jí)英語語法:名詞性從句
1.什么是名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Nominal Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
2.主語從句
作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由下列詞引導(dǎo):
1)由what、Whatever、Whoever等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句: what表示“…所…的(東西)”, 在結(jié)構(gòu)上等于一個(gè)名詞加一個(gè)定語從句; whatever表示“所…的一切”; whoever表示“一切…的人”。例如:
What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad。
Whatever was said here must be kept secret。
Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder。
2)由連詞that引起的主語從句: 這類主語從句在大多數(shù)情況下都放到句子后部去, 而用代詞it做形式上的主語,在口語中連詞that有時(shí)可以省略掉:
例如:
That we need more equipment is quite obvious。
It doesn’t seem likely that she will be here。
It’s a pity you missed such a fine talk。
3)由連接代詞或連接副詞how,when,where,why(或whether)引起的主語從句: 這類主語從句, 也可以放到句子后部去, 前面用it做形式上的主語。
例如:
When we shall have our sports meet is still a question。
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet。
3.賓語從句
名詞從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。
1)用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:
例如:
if與whether都可以與or not連用,但后面緊跟著or not時(shí)只能用whether;
We didn't know whether or not she was ready。(此時(shí)只能用whether)
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not。(此時(shí)則二者都可以用)
后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),用whether;
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留?
2) 用that引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語的情形最為普遍, 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如果從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。
例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后,賓語從句常用“(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。
3)用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句,應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。
例如:
I just can’t imagine how he could have done such a thing。
Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。
以上就是為大家總結(jié)的名詞性從句中主語從句與表語從句的基本語法知識(shí),考生可以認(rèn)真掌握,千萬不要被繞暈哦!其實(shí)名詞性從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)都多少有點(diǎn)想通,掌握一項(xiàng)的規(guī)律,另一項(xiàng)也能相對(duì)有所了解,希望大家趕快找到自己學(xué)習(xí)語法的方法吧!
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