英語語法講解
英語語法講解
英語語法其實(shí)很簡單,只要你一個(gè)小點(diǎn)一個(gè)小點(diǎn)地理解透徹。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的英語語法,供大家參閱!
英語語法:表示心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞
英語中有許多心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,它們都是及物動(dòng)詞,大都含有“使……”的意思。常見的有:amaze使驚奇, amuse使快樂、使好笑, astonish使驚奇, annoy使煩惱, bore使厭煩, irritate使惱怒, worry使擔(dān)憂, delight使高興, disappoint使失望, discourage使沮喪, dumbfound使目瞪口呆,move使感動(dòng), encourage使受鼓舞, excite使興奮, frighten使害怕, inspire使受鼓舞, interest使感興趣, please使高興,fascinate使著迷, puzzle使迷惑, relax使放松, satisfy使?jié)M意, surprise使驚奇, terrify使害怕, tire使疲勞, trouble使麻煩, upset使不安, confuse使混亂, bewilder使迷惑, depress使沮喪, disgust使厭惡。這些動(dòng)詞的用法有以下特點(diǎn):
1. 這些動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí),其賓語只能是表示人的名詞或代詞;主語大多為表示引起某種感情的事或物的名詞。如:
The good service here satisfied the tourists. 這兒的良好服務(wù)使游客感到滿意。
His speech inspired us all a great deal. 他的演講使我們大家倍受鼓舞。
2. 這些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞常與物連用,在句中既可作定語又可作表語。如:
This is a boring report. 這是一個(gè)令人厭煩的報(bào)告。
The situation was more puzzling than ever before. 局勢變得更加捉摸不定。
3. 這些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞常與人連用,在句中作表語或定語。如:
The excited children couldn't go to sleep all night long.
這些興奮的孩子整個(gè)晚上無法入睡。
We were disappointed at his words. 聽了他的話,我們很失望。
4. 有時(shí)也可見到這些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和人連用,過去分詞與物連用的現(xiàn)象,但有時(shí)在意思上有所不同。如:
She is an amusing girl. 她是一個(gè)討人喜歡的女孩。
There was puzzled expression on his face. 他臉上流露出迷惑不解的表情。
比較:
There was a puzzling expression on his face. 他的臉上流露出令人不解的表情。
5. 這些動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意思,其后面引起心理反應(yīng)的人或物,常用by, with, at引導(dǎo)。如:
She is bored with his flatteries. 她聽膩了他的奉承話。
We were surprised about his lucky success. 我們對(duì)他的僥幸成功感到驚奇。
6. 這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式有些可以構(gòu)成“to one's + 名詞”短語,意為“使某人……的是”。如:to one's surprise使驚奇的是, to one's satisfaction使某人滿意的是, to one's disappointment使某人失望的是, to one's astonishment使某人震驚的是, to one's amusement使某人好笑的是, to one's interest使某人感興趣的是,等等。
英語語法:動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語、定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法
1. 動(dòng)詞的ing形式包括動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞,二者都可作表語。如:
Our job is playing all kinds of music . ( 動(dòng)名詞 )
The music they are playing sounds so exciting . ( 現(xiàn)在分詞 )
注:一般來講,動(dòng)名詞 ( 短語 ) 作表語,主表可互換,即:Playing all kinds of music is our job.
現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,表明主語的性質(zhì)和特征,主表不可互換。
2. - ing形式做定語可以表示
1 ) 所修飾名詞的用途
a waiting room ( = a room for waiting ) / a walking stick ( = a stick for walking )
2 ) 所修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,可以換成定語從句形式
a waiting man ( = a man who is waiting ) / a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )
3. 在see , hear , feel , watch , notice等感觀動(dòng)詞后可以用 - ing形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語。這時(shí) - ing形式和句子的賓語之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,并且 - ing形式表示賓語正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:
He saw a girl getting on the tractor. ( = He saw a girl and the girl was getting on the tractor . )
Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
1).做賓語補(bǔ)足語We watched three boys sharing their food with each other.
2).做主語補(bǔ)足語She was heard singing in the next room.
3).做表語和定語My job is teaching English. /a walking stick/a waiting room
當(dāng)-ing分詞做定語的時(shí)候,常常放在被修飾名詞的后面
The girl singing now is a classmate of mine.
4).做伴隨、原因、時(shí)間、結(jié)果狀語
He sat at the desk reading a magazine.
Being very young, he can't dress himself.
Having finished all the work, they went to the shore.
Her parents died, leaving her a big house.
英語語法:延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
英語動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式以及動(dòng)作發(fā)生過程的長短,可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
1. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
也有人叫它持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,它表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作可以長時(shí)間延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。英語中的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞比較多,如study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
He worked all day in the fields. 他在地里干了一天。
I waited for you for an hour. 我等你等了一個(gè)鐘頭。
He stayed in London for over a month. 他在倫敦待了一個(gè)多月。
He watched them eating. 他瞧著他們吃飯。
2. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也有人叫它終止性動(dòng)詞、短暫性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞,它表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有begin, buy, close, come, die, fail, find, finish, go, join, kill, leave, lend, lose, sell, start, stop, borrow等。如:
They reached the village in the afternoon. 下午他們抵達(dá)那個(gè)村子。
I haven't finished the work yet. 這項(xiàng)工作我還沒有干完。
She stood up and left the room. 她站起身走出房去。
3. 與完成時(shí)連用
有的人認(rèn)為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,你也這樣認(rèn)為嗎?錯(cuò)了!其實(shí)這是一種誤解。事實(shí)上,無論是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞還是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,它們都可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。如:
He has lived here for ten 10 years. 他在這里住了10年了。
He has just arrived. 他剛剛到達(dá)。
上面兩句的謂語都用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但第一句中的動(dòng)詞live是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而第二句中的動(dòng)詞arrive為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。兩者真正不同的是,延續(xù)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)需要可以連用一段時(shí)間,而非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞通常不能連用一段時(shí)間,所以第一句中的live可以連用一段時(shí)間for ten years,第二句中的arrive則不可以連用類似for ten years這樣的一段時(shí)間。
4. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的如何變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞
非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞由于它所表示的動(dòng)作只在瞬間完成,不能延續(xù),所以它不能與一段時(shí)間連用,若在實(shí)際語境中需要連用一段時(shí)間,則應(yīng)改為與之同義的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:
begin / start→be on die→be dead come / go→be in
borrow→keep finish→be over leave→be away
buy→have get to know→know join→be in / be a member of
請(qǐng)看下面的例句子:
運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)已經(jīng)開了三天了。
誤:The sports meeting has begun for three days.
正:The sports meeting has been on for three days.
他入黨10年了。
誤:He has joined the Party for 10 years.
正:He has been in the Party for 10 years.
正:He has been a Party member for 10 years.
他死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
5. 在否定句中的用法
非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與一段時(shí)間連用,這通常只限于肯定句,在否定句中則沒有這樣的限制——因?yàn)樗械姆茄永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞一旦被否定,就成了一種狀態(tài),而所有的狀態(tài)都是可以持續(xù)的。如leave(離開)是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而not leave(沒有離開)則是一種狀態(tài),因?yàn)?ldquo;沒有離開”其實(shí)就是“呆在原處”,相當(dāng)于still stay there之類的意思,所以它是延續(xù)了。如:
誤:He has left here for three years. 他離開這兒有三年了。
正:He hasn't left here for three years. 他已有三年沒離開這兒了。
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