英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空固定規(guī)律解題思路(2)
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題絕招
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空第一招：名詞形式變化。
名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。這是最簡(jiǎn)單也是最基本的形式變化，只要注意整體形式的一致性。
例：There are many students living at school，the(child) houses are all far from schoo1.
由students一詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)，且作為houses的定語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式，故答案為child的復(fù)合變化形式—— 復(fù)數(shù)的所有格children’s。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空第二招：動(dòng)詞形式變化。
動(dòng)詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語(yǔ)的變化(時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣)，有非謂語(yǔ)的變化(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞)。這種動(dòng)詞形式的變化，一定要注意個(gè)別的變化異樣，這種最容易犯錯(cuò)。
例：A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的謂語(yǔ)，所以橫線所在的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語(yǔ)。從tomorrow可以看出，報(bào)告是“將來(lái)”作的，故用不定式;且報(bào)告是give動(dòng)作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動(dòng)式——to be given。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空第三招：代詞形式變化。
代詞形式變化通常是與人稱(chēng)變化有關(guān)的三大類(lèi)五小類(lèi)，即人稱(chēng)代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有幾個(gè)不定代詞的形式變化，如no one/none、other/another等。這種需要聯(lián)系句意或者文章，整體把握。
例：The king decided to see the painter by(he).
由介詞by可以看出，橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空第四招：形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)變化。
英語(yǔ)中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化。構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的方式，或通過(guò)加后綴一er和.est，或在詞前Imore/less和most/least，且形容詞的最高級(jí)還要冠以the。
例：I am— —(tall)than Liu Wen.He is the tallest students in my class.
此題后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的學(xué)生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空第五招：數(shù)詞形式變化。
數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴一teen、ty的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及one/two的特殊變化形式 once/twice。這種數(shù)詞形式變化則是需要整體理解的，尤其要注意細(xì)節(jié)。
例：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses.My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a (three).
從上下文連續(xù)起來(lái)理解，這是一個(gè)分馬的計(jì)劃，大兒子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才能命中目標(biāo)。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空第六招：詞的派生。
詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語(yǔ)單詞中是較為的，派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。而很多單詞的派生不同意思也會(huì)有區(qū)別，一定要注意，不是所有前后綴都遵循一個(gè)規(guī)律，會(huì)有個(gè)別例外，而特別的一定要重點(diǎn)記住的。
例：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very____(happiness).
在這道題中，學(xué)生很容易判斷出該用形容詞;錢(qián)包丟了，人應(yīng)該是不開(kāi)心的，所以要再加個(gè)前綴un，就成了unhappy。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空第七招：固定短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來(lái)判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)要對(duì)橫線前或后的幾個(gè)單詞“視而不見(jiàn)”才能命中答案。所以要充分考慮全句或是全文來(lái)填，不能看到固定短語(yǔ)，就立馬填空，仔細(xì)謹(jǐn)慎是必不可少的。
例1：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy.
從句中的happy可以 猜出孩子們是開(kāi)心的，所以應(yīng)用enj0y oneself短語(yǔ)，故其答案為themselves。
例2：His boss was____angry as to fire him.
如果“跳過(guò)”橫線后面的angry，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這里用到一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)so...as to...，所以，so是正解。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空第八招：從句引導(dǎo)詞。
從句是此題型最為常見(jiàn)的一個(gè)方向，主要檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)引導(dǎo)詞的掌握程度。所以從句的掌握是十分重要的，從句在英語(yǔ)句法中占了很大的比重。
例1：He did not done_____his father had asked him to do.
審題可知，橫線所在為賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，此引導(dǎo)詞在從旬中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，且指物，所以是what。
例2：Those_____want to go to the village must sign here.
經(jīng)過(guò)觀察可以判斷橫線所在為定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，進(jìn)一步觀察可知先行詞為those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空第九招：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是以動(dòng)詞為中心的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，此類(lèi)短語(yǔ)中往往是動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。這種會(huì)有許多固定搭配，需要多多積累一些使用頻率較高的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞搭配。
例1：The us consists____fifty states.
根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，美國(guó)由50個(gè)州組成，故橫線處與前一詞組合，表示“由......組成”，所以答案是of。
例2：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for
leave to take_____of her.
生病需要人照顧，所以答案是care，與前后詞構(gòu)成take care of。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空第十招：短語(yǔ)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
短語(yǔ)介詞即多個(gè)詞的組合。起介詞作用的短語(yǔ)，如：except for，due to等。這種詞語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)都是固定的，也是需要重點(diǎn)記憶的。
例1：Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train.
此題中說(shuō)到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案為instead，以構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)instead of。
例2：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____of him.
細(xì)心觀察，可以看出填人fr0nt即可構(gòu)成in front of，此題得解。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空第十一招：連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
常用的連詞有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。連詞和關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)一定要記憶清楚，往往細(xì)微的差別，將會(huì)導(dǎo)致不同的結(jié)果，所以一定要注意不同搭配的具體使用方法。
例1：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor.
此處表示原因，引導(dǎo)的分句其實(shí)是一種解釋說(shuō)明，不是必然的因果關(guān)系，且前面有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，所以填for。
例2：____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.
橫線處的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成both?and，故答案為Both。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空第十二招：冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。
冠詞只能是在a，an，the之間判斷;常用的介詞有in，at，on，before，during等，通?？疾楣潭ù钆?副詞的量還是比較多，如：however，never，yet，much等。這種搭配是要多多實(shí)踐積累的，挨個(gè)排除，也不失為一個(gè)好辦法。
例1：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed.這里考查的是不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法，答案為a，構(gòu)成at a high speed，“以高速”開(kāi)車(chē)。
例2：Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon.
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介詞in，而用on才是正解。
例3：Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay______Zhang Wen.
第一條橫線可由前面的the same斷出用as，第二條橫線則可由lower斷出比較意義，故答案為than。
例4：It was only one day left，_____，his father had no idea to answer him.
觀察上下句，可以看出是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且橫線與前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，排除but，所以答案是however。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空第十三招：上下文中出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞。
這一招是最為靈活的，但也是最難的。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系和自己積累的知識(shí)，填入某個(gè)已出現(xiàn)的詞，或其反義詞，或其同類(lèi)的某個(gè)詞。這種時(shí)候就需要你的文章內(nèi)容或是句意的精準(zhǔn)理解，要充分把握出題人想表達(dá)的意思，才能穩(wěn)操勝券。
答案的線索可能在本句，可能出現(xiàn)在上下相連的一句，還可能出現(xiàn)在比較遠(yuǎn)的地方——上下段中與此段位置大體相當(dāng)?shù)木渥?。如果該橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的首句，則線索可能在上下段的首句;如果橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的末句，則線索可能在上下段的末句，以此類(lèi)推。
例：Tony____travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV.
由第二句話(huà)中的dislikes可以判斷，此橫線處應(yīng)該是填其反義詞likes。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法訓(xùn)練題1
According to the Hong Kong-based newspaper Ta Kung Pao, Jackie Chan 11 participated in the promotion of many famous brands of clothing, shoes and food in recent years. Several days ago, he showed the public a 12 (limit) edition four-wheel drive car, 13 is especially made 14 his personal taste.
At the press conference in Singapore a few days ago, Jackie said that he 15 have cooperated with Parjero, but the plan was suspended (暫緩)because of the sudden death of the car 16 (design). Later he decided to work with his old partner Ralliart, one of the brands of Mitsubishi, and finally rolled out (正式推出) this limited edition car with a storage capacity of 3,500 cubic centimeters of oil. Only 50 such cars will be available in the world.
As a car fan, Jackie has participated in 17 car design himself. The car, 18 (decorate) with the symbols of “dragon”, is said to be comfortable and powerful. Jackie said that making this car was 19 (fulfill) his dream, not to make money. The price of the car has not been announced yet due to 20 status of the limited edition and different taxation systems all over the world.
答案：
11. has
12. limited
13. which
14. to
15. should
16. designer
17. the
18. decorated
19. to fulfill
20. its
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法訓(xùn)練題2
Table manners vary from culture to culture. What is acceptable in one country 11 be considered extremely rude in another . Here we will tell you about the traditional table manners 12 the modern table manners in Korea . 13 ( tradition ), it was the woman’s job to cook food and 14 ( set ) the table . The woman would sit 15 her husband to make sure that he had everything he needed for a pleasant meal . Only 16 the husband finished , would the woman and her children eat . Nowadays, table manners have changed a lot. 17 of the family members eat together at the same time . It is common to see everyone help with the meal, 18 ( include ) the husband. One tradition , however, has not changed . It is that the oldest person starts the meal. 19 ( stay ) until the oldest person is finished is considered to be 20 basic tradition of Korean table manners .
參考答案：
11. may
12. and
13. traditionally
14. set
15. by \ beside
16. after
17. All
18. including
19. Staying
20. a
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法訓(xùn)練題3
On keeping a Diary in English
Keeping a diary in English is one of the 11._____ (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.
12.______ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes 13.______ time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. 14.______ we persist in this practice, gradually we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many 15.______. In the first place, 16.______ often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. 17.______ it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly.
As far as I 18.______ (concern), my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is 19.______ great use to keep a diary in English for 20.______ development of our writing skills.
參考答案：
11. effective
12. Compared (沒(méi)大寫(xiě)扣0.5分)
13. less
14. If (沒(méi)大寫(xiě)扣0.5分)
15. difficulties(troubles不給分)
16. it
17. And(沒(méi)大寫(xiě)扣0.5分)
18. am concerned
19. of
20. the
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