高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
在高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中,即使只是掌握一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)法,也會(huì)對(duì)你的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作有很大的幫助。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的相關(guān)知識(shí),供大家參閱!
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:主謂一致
一.概念:
主謂一致是指:
1) 語(yǔ)法形式上要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。
2) 意義上要一致,即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。
3) 就近原則,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ),
一般來(lái)說(shuō),不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
There is much water in the thermos.
但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),例如:
Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫(xiě)很重要。
注意:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。例如:
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生活有重要意義。
典型例題
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注: 先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí),先排除A.,C。本題易誤選D,因?yàn)門he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人,但仔細(xì)辨別,monitor 前沒(méi)有the,在英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人,所以應(yīng)選B。
2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則
1)當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如:
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書(shū)。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個(gè)男孩,二十三個(gè)女孩。
2)當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor,連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo),而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。例如:
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。
3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)部分一致。例如:
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。
4. 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)的情況
1)代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),或主語(yǔ)中含有each, every時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。例如:
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機(jī)。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。
2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書(shū)或一條格言時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者熟悉的一本書(shū)。
3)表示金錢,時(shí)間,價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。例如:
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個(gè)星期來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備。
Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。
5.指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)
1)代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如:
All is right. 一切順利。
All are present. 人都到齊了。
2)集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員,用單數(shù)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如:
His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。
His family are music lovers. 他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。
但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎?
3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù),有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
6.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況
1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如:
Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書(shū)上了。
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。
2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報(bào)道了一連串的事故。
A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。
3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如:
Many a person has read the novel. 許多人讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來(lái)自這個(gè)城市。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:動(dòng)詞不定式
一.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講:1. 不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
有些有動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
advise
allow
cause
challenge
command
compel
drive 驅(qū)使
enable
encourage
forbid
force
impel
induce
instruct
invite
like/love
order
permit
make
let
have
want
get
warn
persuade
request
send
tell
train
urge
例如;
father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠!?/p>
the officer ordered his men to fire. 長(zhǎng)官命令士兵開(kāi)火。
注意:有些動(dòng)詞如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做賓補(bǔ),也可用分詞作賓補(bǔ)?,F(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng),也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行,過(guò)去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。
2) 有些有動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu),不定式的動(dòng)詞往往是be,不定式一般可以省去。例如:
consider find
believe
think
declare(聲稱)
appoint
guess
fancy(設(shè)想)
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:動(dòng)名詞
概念
動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞原形+ing構(gòu)成,是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式
相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講:
1.作主語(yǔ)。例如:
fighting broke out between the south and the north. 南方與北方開(kāi)戰(zhàn)了。
2.作賓語(yǔ)
a. 有些動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。例如:
admit 承認(rèn) appreciate 感激
avoid 避免
complete完成
consider認(rèn)為
delay 耽誤
deny 否認(rèn)
detest 討厭
endure 忍受
escape 逃脫
fancy 想象
finish 完成
imagine 想象
mind 介意
miss 想念
postpone推遲
practice 訓(xùn)練
recall 回憶
resent 討厭
resume 繼續(xù)
resist 抵抗
risk 冒險(xiǎn)
suggest 建議
face 面對(duì)
include 包括
stand 忍受
understand 理解
forgive 寬恕
keep 繼續(xù)
例如:would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)小一點(diǎn),好嗎
the squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 這松鼠幸運(yùn)得很,剛逃避了被逮住的厄運(yùn)。
b. 有些結(jié)構(gòu)后面可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)或其他成分。例如:
admit to prefer…to
be used to
lead to
devote oneself to
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