英語(yǔ)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法歸納
在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)過(guò)程中,會(huì)遇到很多的語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題,比如比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法,對(duì)于這些語(yǔ)法你能夠掌握嗎?下面是小編整理的英語(yǔ)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法,歡迎閱讀!
英語(yǔ)中比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的解釋
比較級(jí)(Comparative Degree)就是將二者進(jìn)行比較產(chǎn)生的詞形,是由形容詞原級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的,一般是在原級(jí)后面加er,也有一些不規(guī)則的轉(zhuǎn)化,比如good—better,bad—worse,有很多。相對(duì)二者的比較,還有三者及以上的比較,這時(shí)就產(chǎn)生了最高級(jí)。
在英語(yǔ)中通常用下列方式表示的詞:在形容詞或副詞前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后綴 -er(newer,sooner )。典型的是指形容詞或副詞所表示的質(zhì)、量或關(guān)系的增加。英語(yǔ)句子中,將比較兩個(gè)主體的方法叫做“比較句型”。其中,像“A比B更……”的表達(dá)方式稱為比較級(jí)。組成句子的方式是將形容詞或副詞變化成比較級(jí)的形態(tài)。
比較級(jí)什么時(shí)候用more什么時(shí)候加er
按照比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則,一般在詞尾加“er”表達(dá)比較級(jí)的是:?jiǎn)我艄?jié)形容詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞(大多是以y、ly、er、ow、ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞);而多音節(jié)詞(三音節(jié)及以上)和部分雙音節(jié)詞,則會(huì)在詞前加“more”。
英語(yǔ)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法
一、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則
1.一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,比較級(jí)在后面加-er,最高級(jí)在后面加-est;
(1)單音節(jié)詞
如:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
(2)雙音節(jié)詞
如:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞,比較在原級(jí)后加-r,最高級(jí)在原級(jí)后加-st;
如:large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
3.在重讀閉音節(jié)(即:輔音+元音+輔音)中,先雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,比較級(jí)加-er,最高級(jí)加-est;
如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞, 把y改為i,比較級(jí)加-er,最高級(jí)加-est;
如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
5.其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,比較級(jí)在前面加more,最高級(jí)在前面加most;
如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
注意:(1)形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級(jí)前可不用。
例句: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
(2) 形容詞most前面沒(méi)有the,不表示最高級(jí)的含義,只表示"非常"。
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
6.有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是不規(guī)則的,必須熟記。
如:good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
二、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法
1.“A + be +形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B” 意思為“A比B更……”。
如:This tree is taller than that one. 這棵樹(shù)比那棵樹(shù)高。
注意:
① 在含有連詞than的比較級(jí)中,前后的比較對(duì)象必須是同一范疇,即同類(lèi)事物之間的比較。
②在比較級(jí)前面使用much,表示程度程度“強(qiáng)得多”。
如:A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
③ very, quite一般只能修飾原級(jí),不能修飾比較級(jí)。
2.“比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)”或“more and more +原級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越……”
如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天來(lái)了,天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和了。
It is getting cooler and cooler.
天氣越來(lái)越?jīng)鏊?/p>
The wind became more and more heavily.
風(fēng)變得越來(lái)越大。
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
我們的學(xué)校變得越來(lái)越美麗。
3.在含有or的選擇疑問(wèn)句中,如果有兩者供選擇,前面的形容詞要用比較級(jí)形式。
如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 誰(shuí)更高,Tim還是Tom?
4. “the +比較級(jí)……, the+比較級(jí)”,表示“越……越……”。
The more money you make, the more you spend.
錢(qián)你賺得越多,花得越多。
The sooner,the better.
越快越好。
5. 表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)用法:
①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.
如:The new building is three times the height of the old one.
這座新樓比那座舊樓高三倍。(新樓是舊樓的四倍高)
②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。(亞洲比歐洲大三倍)
③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.
如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.
我們學(xué)校比你們學(xué)校大兩倍。
6.形容詞、副詞的最高級(jí)形式主要用來(lái)表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比較,表示“最……”的意思。
句子中有表示范圍的詞或短語(yǔ)。如:of the three, in our class等等。
如:He is the tallest in our class.
他在我們班里是最高的。
7."否定詞語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)","否定詞語(yǔ)+ so… as"結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義。
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
8. 比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的轉(zhuǎn)換:
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class
7.修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的詞
1)可修飾比較級(jí)的詞
①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。
②. 還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語(yǔ)。
③. 以上詞(除by far)外,必須置于比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞的前面。
注意: 使用最高級(jí)要注意將主語(yǔ)包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。
(錯(cuò)) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(對(duì)) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2)下列詞可修飾最高級(jí):by far, far, much, mostly, almost。
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意:
a. very可修飾最高級(jí),但位置與much不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。
Africa is the second largest continent.
8.要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。
(錯(cuò)) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(對(duì)) He is more clever than his brother.
(對(duì)) He is cleverer than his brother.
9.要避免將主語(yǔ)含在比較對(duì)象中。
(錯(cuò)) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(對(duì)) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
10.要注意對(duì)應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
11.要注意冠詞的使用,后有名詞的時(shí)候,前面才有可能有名詞。
比較:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters
三.典型例題
1) ---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes,I'm fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good
D. quite better
答案:B. any 可修飾比較級(jí),quite修飾原級(jí),well的比較級(jí)為better.
2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much
D. more much
答案:C. much可修飾比較級(jí),因此B,C都說(shuō)得通,但easier本身已是比較級(jí),不需more,因此C為正確答案。
3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
答案:D。
比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法
1. 兩者相比(甲=乙),用“as+原級(jí)+as”表示
Tom is as tall as Mike.
2. 兩者相比(甲〈 乙),用“not as(so) +原級(jí)+as”或“l(fā)ess than”表示
I didn’t do my homework so(as) carefully as you.
The picture is less attractive than that one.
3. 兩者相比(甲〉乙),用“比較級(jí)+than”表示
Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country.
注意:1) 為了避免重復(fù),在從句中常用one, that, those等詞來(lái)代替前面提過(guò)的名詞。
The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.
2) 比較等級(jí)應(yīng)注意避免和包括自己的對(duì)象比。
比較級(jí)+than+
any other + 單數(shù)名詞
all the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
anyone else
any of the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
3 )如果形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾一個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,一般將不定冠詞a/an放在形容詞之后。
Our neighbour has _____ ours.
A. as a big house as
B. as big a house as
C. the same big house as
D. house the same big as
4 )比較級(jí)前一般不用冠詞,但若表示“兩者中較……時(shí)”。比較級(jí)前要加定冠詞。若比較級(jí)后有名詞,常在比較級(jí)前加不定冠詞,表示泛指。
E.g. 他是兩者中較高的一個(gè)
He is the taller of the two.
她唱得真動(dòng)聽(tīng)!我可從未聽(tīng)過(guò)比這更好的嗓音了。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
4. 三者或三者以上相比,表示最高級(jí)時(shí),用“the +最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示,這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)。
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works (the) hardest in his class.
That was the least exciting football game I’ve ever watched.
This hotel is the most comfortable I’ve ever stayed.
注意:當(dāng)最高級(jí)的前面無(wú)限定詞the或有不定冠詞a/an時(shí),僅表示“很……,非?!?/p>
Monday is my busiest day.
星期一是我很忙的一天。
Qingdao is a most (very) beautiful coastal city.
青島是一個(gè)非常美麗的海濱城市。
比較級(jí)的一些其他用法
1 倍數(shù)表示方法
a) 倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+ as
b) 倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than
c) 倍數(shù)+ the + n. + of
This rope is three times longer than that one. (這條繩子比那條長(zhǎng)三倍。)
This rope is three times as long as that one. (這條繩子是那條繩子的三倍。)
This rope is three times the length of that one. (這條繩子比那條繩子長(zhǎng)三倍。)
2 用形容詞比較級(jí)的否定形式,從反面來(lái)表示最高級(jí),通常譯為“沒(méi)有比……更……”
No other book has a greater effect on my life.
沒(méi)有哪一本書(shū)比這本書(shū)對(duì)我的影響更大的了。
=This book has the greatest effect on my life.
考例: —Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?
--_____. I love getting close to nature.
A.I couldn’t agree more B. I’m afraid not.
C.I believe not D.I don’t think so.
3 more and more 越來(lái)越… …
Our city is getting bigger and bigger.
Our city is getting more and more beautiful.
4 the more … the more … 越… …就越… …
The more you study, the more you know.
The busier the old man is, the happier he feels.
The more intelligent students are, the more quickly they understand ideas.
5 可用下列詞來(lái)修飾形容詞的比較級(jí)
much a lot slightly a little almost far a bit still
英語(yǔ)比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則
1. 單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞或副詞大致按以下規(guī)律變化:
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后面直接加–er 變?yōu)楸容^級(jí),加–est 變?yōu)樽罡呒?jí)。如:
old—older—oldest high—higher—highest
(2) 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的,則雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母,再加-er變?yōu)楸容^級(jí),加 –est 變?yōu)樽罡呒?jí)。如:
big—bigger—biggest thin—thinner—thinnest
(3) 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞,則將改y為 i 再加-er變?yōu)楸容^級(jí),加 –est 變?yōu)樽罡呒?jí)。如:
busy—busier—busiest heavy—heavier—heaviest
(4) 以字母 e 結(jié)尾的單詞,直接加 –r 變?yōu)楸容^級(jí),加 –st 變?yōu)樽罡呒?jí)。如:
large—larger—largest free—freer—freest
2. 多音節(jié)以及某些雙音節(jié)形容詞或副詞變?yōu)楸容^級(jí)或最高級(jí)時(shí),則通常在其前加more變?yōu)楸容^級(jí),加 most變?yōu)樽罡呒?jí)。如:
important—more important—most important
difficult—more difficult—most difficult
useful—more useful—most useful
3. 少數(shù)單音節(jié)單詞,特別是分詞形容詞,須在前面加more變?yōu)楸容^級(jí),(the) most變?yōu)樽罡呒?jí)。如:
fond—more fond—most fond
pleased—more pleased—most pleased
4. 有些單詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)有兩種形式,如:
clever—cleverer / more clever—cleverest / most clever
able—abler / more able—ablest / most able
narrow—narrower / more narrow—narrowest / most narrow
形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的特殊變化規(guī)則
一、少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加 more-, most- 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)tired ---- more tired , most tired fond(喜歡的) ----- more fond , mostfondglad ----- more glad , most glad bored ---- more bored , most boredpleased---- more pleased , most pleased
二、不規(guī)則變化good /well------- better ,bestbad/badly/ill------ worse , worst many/much-------more , most little ------ less , least far ---- farther, farthest/ further , furthestold ---- older , oldest (GA)/ elder , eldest (GB)
三、下列形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有兩種形式cruel----- crueler, cruelest /more cruel , most cruel strict---- stricter , strictest /more strict , most strict often----- oftener , oftenest / more often , most often friendly------ friendlier , friendliest / more friendly , most friendlyclever----- cleverer, cleverest / more clever , most clever
四、下列形容詞和副詞沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高(即表示”最高程度”或”絕對(duì)狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))empty , wrong , perfect , unique , extreme , excellent , favourite , true ,right , correct , extremely ...
形容詞比較等級(jí)用法
1.沒(méi)有比較對(duì)象時(shí),用原級(jí)。 I have a new computer.
2.兩者比較,程度相同。 A+系動(dòng)詞+as+adj.+as+B. Our school is as beautiful as theirs.
3.兩者比較,程度不同。 A+系動(dòng)詞+not as+adj.+as+B. The weather here is not as hot as that in the south.
4.A比B更… The earth is bigger than the moon.
5.比較級(jí)前可以用much,even,still,far,a lot,a little,abit,any等修飾。 Your room is much bigger than mine. I’m alittle shorter than her.
6.用比較級(jí)可以表示最高級(jí)含義: John is stronger than any other boy in his class.=John is stronger than any of the other boys. 兩者不屬于同一范疇,不能用other. Chongqing is bigger than any city in Sichuang.
7.“比較級(jí)+and+比級(jí)” 表示“越來(lái)越…” China is becoming more and more beautiful. Days are getting longer and longer.
8.用the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí) 表示”越…就越…”. The busier he is, the happier he feels.
9. Which/Who+is+比較級(jí) A或B? A和B哪一個(gè)/誰(shuí)更…? Which is better,this one or that one?
形容詞最高級(jí)用法
表示三者或三者以上的人或物的比較,一個(gè)在某方面超過(guò)其他兩個(gè)或多個(gè)時(shí),用最高級(jí),結(jié)構(gòu)是 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+of/in短語(yǔ)。 This story is the most interesting of the three.
1. one of the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù) 它的意思是最…之一。 English is one of the most important languages in the world.
2. which/who…+is+形容詞最高級(jí) “…最...” Which is the heaviest,the horse,the sheep or the elephant?
3.最高級(jí)前可以用序數(shù)詞 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.