英語(yǔ)中什么是分詞
分詞
分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種,是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。
現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞主要差別在于:現(xiàn)在分詞表示"主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行",過(guò)去分詞表示"被動(dòng)和完成"(不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不表示被動(dòng),只表示完成)。分詞可以有自己的狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)等。
1、 分詞作狀語(yǔ),可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等。
分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主句的主語(yǔ)相一致。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前時(shí),則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式;當(dāng)所表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,則用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。完成或被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞。
(1)現(xiàn)在分詞 The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
(2)過(guò)去分詞 Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.
(3)過(guò)去分詞 Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
分詞
2、"while ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)+分詞"結(jié)構(gòu):現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),有時(shí)可以在分詞前加while,when, once, although, until, if等連詞。
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3、分詞作定語(yǔ)分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),單個(gè)的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前,分詞短語(yǔ)一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面?,F(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動(dòng)作的名詞(即與名詞有主謂關(guān)系),過(guò)去分詞修飾承受該動(dòng)作的名詞(即與名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)。
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beachthe next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
4、分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官動(dòng)詞和look at, listen to等短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役動(dòng)詞后面與名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的成分。
5、分詞作表語(yǔ)分詞作表語(yǔ)通常看作形容詞來(lái)用?,F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì),而且主語(yǔ)多為物;過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)的感受或狀態(tài),主語(yǔ)多為人。
具有動(dòng)詞及形容詞二者特征的詞;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n結(jié)尾的英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞性形容詞,具有形容詞功能,同時(shí)又表現(xiàn)各種動(dòng)詞性特點(diǎn),如時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài)、帶狀語(yǔ)性修飾語(yǔ)的性能及帶賓詞的性能。