在英語里什么是同位語
同位語,代表一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾,限定或說明。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致,并常常緊挨在一起。
例句
?、庇蓛蓚€或兩個以上同一層次的語言單位組成的結(jié)構(gòu),其中前項與后項所指相同,句法功能也相同,后項是前項的同位語。
Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.
我們的新老師史密斯先生對我們很好。
our new teacher是主詞Mr. Smith的同位語,指同一人。
Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友湯姆。
a friend of my brother's是受詞Tom的同位語,指同一人。
?、踩缤徽Z與其同位成分關(guān)系緊密時不用逗點隔開;如同位語對其同位成分只作補充解釋時可用逗點隔開。
He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人對我講,他的兄長約翰是一位世界聞名的醫(yī)生。
himself和John都是單一的字作同位語,與其同位成分之間不用逗點隔開。
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher,Mr. James.
昨天我與我的英語老師詹姆斯先生談過了。
同位語Mr. James補充解釋my English teacher,同位語與其同位成分之間可用逗點隔開。
?、惩徽Z除表示其同位成分的全部意義外,還可以表示部分意義。
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我們中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。
He is interested in sports,especially ball games.
他喜歡運動,特別是球類運動。
同位從句一般跟在某些名詞如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事實),belief (信 仰),news(消息),idea(主意;觀念),promise(承諾),information(信息),conclusion(結(jié)論),order(命令), suggestion(建議),problem(問題),thought (想法)等后面。例如:He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意:that 既可引導(dǎo)同位語從句又可引導(dǎo)定語從句,其區(qū)別在于:同位語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo),連接詞that本身無意義,在同位語從句中不充當任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他詞替代;定語從句由關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞that在從句中充當一定的成分,作賓語時可省略,由when,why,where引導(dǎo)的 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別在于:同位語從句由連接副詞只起連接作用,沒有指代作用; 定語從句由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),關(guān)系副詞具有指代先行詞的作用,常用一個介詞加關(guān)系代詞替換。例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. (定語從句,when關(guān)系副詞) That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. (定語從句,which/that為關(guān)系代詞) This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. (定語從句,where為關(guān)系副詞) This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. (定語從句,which為關(guān)系代詞)